Resumo: Os imunossupressores são drogas que agem na divisão celular e têm propriedades anti-inflamatórias. Sendo assim, são essencialmente prescritos na prevenção de rejeição de transplantes e no tratamento das doenças autoimunes e inflamatórias crônicas, que, na Dermatologia, têm a psoríase como maior representante. Nesta sessão serão descritas as principais drogas imunossupressoras, com orientações para seu manejo adequado. Palavras-chave: Azatioprina; Ciclofosfamida; Ciclosporina; Imunossupressores; Metotrexato Abstract: Immunosupressants are drugs that act in cell division and have anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, they are essentially prescribed in the prevention of transplant rejection and in the treatment of autoimmune disorders and chronic inflammatory diseases, whose main example in Dermatology is psoriasis. In this work the most important immunosuppressive drugs and orientation to properly administer them are going to be described. INTRODUÇÃOO tratamento imunossupressor é necessário para prevenir a rejeição de um órgão transplantado e também atua contra doenças inflamatórias, alvo principal da Dermatologia. Essa classe de drogas age inibindo a divisão celular, além de possuir propriedade antiinflamatória. Seu uso é indicado em psoríase, pênfigos e penfigoides, linfomas, entre outras patologias.Antes de iniciar uma terapia imunossupressora, é necessário conhecer as indicações, as contraindicações, os efeitos adversos e as interações medicamentosas, para poder minimizar os riscos do tratamento. Em alguns casos, ela pode ser prescrita para crianças, mas o calendário vacinal deve estar atualizado (vacinar 2-4 semanas antes do início do tratamento) e é preciso evitar vacina de vírus vivo durante este. 1 Além disso, algumas condutas deverão ser seguidas, como: anamnese (levando-se em conta a idade, os fármacos em uso e as comorbidades); realização de profilaxia para estrongiloidíase e esclarecimento ao paciente sobre a nova terapia. A rotina de exames pré-tratamento determinará, com a clínica, o medicamento mais indicado e sua respectiva dose.O objetivo de qualquer terapia médica é proporcionar cura e/ou alívio de doenças com o menor dano possível ao paciente. Isso está sendo alcançado graças ao vasto arsenal de drogas e agentes biológicos que tem possibilitado terapias imunossupressoras mais adaptadas às necessidades individuais dos pacientes. São as seguintes as premissas da individualização da imunossupressão: diferenças nos níveis de

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune, acquired, cutaneous disease caused by the production of autoantibodies against hemidesmosomes' components in the basement membrane. The estimated incidence in Europe ranges from 7 to 43 cases per million inhabitants per year. Several studies have reported an association between BP and neurological disorders (ND). Our cohort of Bullous pemphigoid and ND is the first in Brazil and showed a significantly high prevalence of neurological and/or psychiatric diseases, especially cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and dementia, in agreement with the prevalence reported in several studies published in the medical literature in recent years.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects 1.3% of the Brazilian population. The most common clinical manifestations are erythematous, scaling lesions that affect both genders and can occur on any anatomical site, preferentially involving the knees, elbows, scalp and genitals. Besides the impact on the quality of life, the systemic nature of the disease makes psoriasis an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, especially in young patients with severe disease. By an initiative of the Brazilian Society of Dermatology, dermatologists with renowned clinical experience in the management of psoriasis were invited to form a work group that, in a partnership with the Brazilian Medical Association, dedicated themselves to create the Plaque Psoriasis Diagnostic and Treatment Guidelines. The relevant issues for the diagnosis (evaluation of severity and comorbidities) and treatment of plaque psoriasis were defined. The issues generated a search strategy in the Medline-PubMed database up to July 2018. Subsequently, the answers to the questions of the recommendations were devised, and each reference selected presented the respective level of recommendation and strength of scientific evidence. The final recommendations for making up the final text were worded by the coordinators.

Vascular alterations are important in psoriasis, with an increase in the number of blood vessels and ICAM-1 overexpression, especially in erythrodermic form. Therefore, vascular changes and the expression of intercellular adhesion molecules could help to diagnose the erythrodermic form of psoriasis.

The antagonists of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) are increasingly being used in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Several adverse effects of these drugs have been reported, including the paradoxical development of sarcoidosis, especially with the use of etanercept. We present the first Brazilian case report of systemic sarcoidosis induced by etanercept and a literature review.

Since its approval in 1997 by the FDA (United States Food and Drug Administration), rituximab has been used for certain B-cell lymphomas and treatment-resistant rheumatoid arthritis. Nevertheless, over the past 14 years, many case reports have demonstrated the efficacy of off-label rituximab in several dermatological inflammatory conditions. This study describes two cases of pemphigus vulgaris and two cases of pemphigus foliaceous that were treated with rituximab at 375 mg/m2 once a week for 4 weeks, and that responded well to treatment.

Lichen sclerosus is an uncommon inflammatory dermatosis with preferential involvement of the urogenital region. The extragenital involvement is uncommon and is characterized by small rounded macules or papules, pearly white in color. The coexistence of lichen sclerosus and scleroderma plaques in most cases with extragenital location has been reported in the literature. We report a case of lichen sclerosus associated with scleroderma in children, highlighting the importance of dermoscopy in diagnosis.

Abstract:We report the case of a man of 45 with superficial dermatophytosis longtime inadvertently treated with antibiotics and corticosteroids with subsequent progression to the deep form, known as granuloma Majocchi. Treatment with orally terbinafine was successful.