This study aimed to analyze the chemical composition and the IgG concentration of the colostrum, transitional milk, and mature milk of Santa Inês ewes as well as the transfer of passive immunity to lambs. Thirty-two pregnant ewes and 38 lambs were used. Ewes were milked immediately after lambing and at 12, 24, 36 h and 10 d postpartum. Colostrum was provided to the lambs at 40±15 min (mean±SE) after birth and then at 30-min intervals for obtaining the intake closest to 10% of body weight, and transitional milk was provided ad libitum. Blood from the lambs was collected 36 h after birth for measuring the serum concentrations of IgG, total protein, albumin, and gamma-globulin. The production was lower in primiparous than in multiparous ewes with body condition score (BCS)<2.75, but did not differ between primiparous and multiparous with BCS≥2.75 (interaction parity and BCS). The IgG concentration and fat, protein, lactose, and defatted dry extract percentages were not affected by the BCS of the ewe at lambing or by the parity. The total solids percentage in the colostrum was higher in ewes with BCS<2.75 (interaction BCS and time). The production and the protein, total solid, and defatted dry extract percentages showed quadratic behavior, the fat percentage decreased linearly, and the lactose percentage increased linearly with time postpartum. The IgG concentration in the colostrum was not correlated with the ewe's weight or BCS at the time of lambing. Moreover, the parity, the BCS, the ewe's type of gestation, and the lamb's sex did not influence the serum concentrations of IgG, total protein, albumin, and gamma-globulin in lambs. Adequate passive immune transfer (PIT) was observed in lambs for which the IgG intake was higher than 30 g. Failure in PIT was observed in 39.5% of lambs when considering a serum IgG concentration lower than 15 mg/mL and in 21% when considering a serum total protein concentration lower than 45 mg/mL. The mean apparent efficiency of absorption was 38.10%, with values between 0.02% and 98.80%. The serum IgG concentration was correlated with the total protein concentration (according to the enzymatic colorimetric method), the gamma-globulin concentration, and the absorption efficiency. The extreme variation on apparent efficiency of absorption may have an effect on the success of PIT. Lambs should consume at least 30 g of IgG in the first 24 h of life to ensure adequate PIT.
ABSTRACT.This study aimed to analyze the robustness of mixed models for the study of genotype-environment interactions (G x E). Simulated unbalancing of real data was used to determine if the method could predict missing genotypes and select stable genotypes. Data from multienvironment trials containing 55 maize hybrids, collected during the 2005-2006 harvest season, were used in this study. Analyses were performed in two steps: the variance components were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood, using the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, and factor analysis (FA) was used to calculate the factor scores and relative position of each genotype in the biplot. Random unbalancing of the data was performed by removing 10, 30, and 50% of the plots; the scores were then re-estimated using the FA model. It was observed that 10, 30, and 50% unbalancing exhibited mean correlation values of 0.7, 0.6, and 0.56, respectively. Overall, the genotypes classified as stable in the biplot had smaller prediction error sum of squares (PRESS) value and prediction 14263 Factor analysis using mixed models ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 14 (4): 14262-14278 (2015) amplitude of ellipses. Therefore, our results revealed the applicability of the PRESS statistic to evaluate the performance of stable genotypes in the biplot. This result was confirmed by the sizes of the prediction ellipses, which were smaller for the stable genotypes. Therefore, mixed models can confidently be used to evaluate stability in plant breeding programs, even with highly unbalanced data.
-Fresh basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is used in food, phytotherapic industry, and in traditional therapeutic, due to its essential oil content and composition. Nevertheless basil can not be kept for long periods after harvest and its quality can be reduced. This work aimed to assess the influence of the season and harvest time in the postharvest conservation of basil stored for different periods. Basil was harvested at 8 am and 4 pm both in August/1999 and January/2000. Cuttings were conditioned in PVC packages and stored for 3, 6, and 9 days. During storage, chlorophyll content, essential oil content and composition were determined as well as microbiological analyses were carried out. Harvest season and the days of storage influenced the final content of essential oil. There was a linear decrease in the content of essential oil, in the chlorophyll content and in the number of mold and yeast colonies during storage. There was no effect of cropping season or harvest hour on essential oil composition, but the eugenol and linalool content increased during storage. Coliforms were under 0.3 MPN g -1 and the number of Staphylococcus aureus was under 1.0x10 2 UFC g -1 .Index terms: Ocimum basilicum, eugenol, linalool, chlorophyll, mold, yeast. Armazenamento e conservação de manjericão após diferentes épocas e horários de colheitaResumo -O manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L.) é empregado tanto na indústria culinária quanto fitoterápica e na medicina tradicional, devido ao teor e composição de seu óleo essencial. No entanto, o manjericão não pode ser conservado por longo período após a colheita e sua qualidade pode ser prejudicada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência da época e do horário de colheita sobre a conservação de manjericão armazenado por diferentes períodos. O manjericão foi colhido às 8h e às 16h em agosto/1999 e em janeiro/2000. Os ramos foram acondicionados em filmes de PVC e armazenados por 3, 6 e 9 dias. Durante o armazenamento, o teor de clorofila, e o teor e a composição do óleo essencial foram determinados e foram conduzidas análises microbiológicas. A época de colheita e os dias de armazenamento influenciaram o teor final de óleo essencial. Houve decréscimo linear dos teores de óleo essencial e de clorofila e do número de colônias de fungos e bactérias ao longo do armazenamento. Não houve efeito da época de colheita ou do horário de colheita sobre a composição do óleo essencial, mas os teores de eugenol e linalol aumentaram durante o armazenamento. O número de coliformes ficou abaixo de 0,3 NMP g -1 e o número de Staphylococcus aureus, abaixo de 1,0x10 2 UFC g -1 .
RESUMO -Este experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o condicionamento alimentar de alevinos de trairão (Hoplias cf. lacerdae). Foram utilizados seis aquários com capacidade para 20 litros cada, dotados de sistema artificial de aeração, temperatura controlada (27±0,5 o C), cobertos com lona plástica preta, mantendo o ambiente interno escuro todo o tempo (0L:24E), sendo descobertos apenas para os manejos diários. Alevinos de 2,9±0,2 cm de comprimento foram estocados a uma densidade de 4 animais/L e submetidos aos seguintes tratamentos: aceitação direta de dietas artificiais e condicionamento alimentar por meio da substituição da ração semi-úmida por ração seca. Ao final do experimento, foram obtidas taxas médias de sobrevivência de 27,50 e 96,66% para o primeiro tratamento e segundo tratamentos, respectivamente, evidenciando que o condicionamento alimentar é um manejo eficiente na produção e sobrevivência de alevinos de trairão.Palavras-chave: condicionamento alimentar, dietas artificiais, Hoplias cf. lacerdae, trairão Training Strategies Trairao Fingerlings (Hoplias cf. lacerdae)ABSTRACT -An evaluation of training strategies in fingerlings of trairao was carried out. The experimental design included six 20 L tanks with artificial aeration, controlled temperature variation (27±0.5°C), and continuously darkened (0L:24D), except during daily management. Fingerlings with 2.9±0.2 cm long were kept at a 4 specimens/L and they were allotted to the following treatments: the first was direct offering of artificial diet and the second involved training strategies by means of the replacement of semi humid food for dry food. At the end of the experiment, average survival rates were 27.5 and 96.66% for the first and second treatments, respectively, demonstrating that feeding conditioning is an efficient management in production and survival of Hoplias cf. lacerdae fingerlings. . Zootec., v.31, n.5, p.1881-1885, 2002 Introdução O trairão (Hoplias cf. lacerdae), espécie carnívora, apresenta carne de excelente qualidade, podendo ser comparada com a de muitos peixes nobres brasileiros, tendo grande aceitação por parte da população; além disso, apresenta características desejáveis para a pesca esportiva, devido a sua agressividade. Estas caracterís-ticas evidenciam o grande potencial desta espécie para a piscicultura nacional. Entretanto, muitos obstáculos vêm sendo encontrados em relação à criação em larga escala dessa espécie para atender a demanda do mercado consumidor, como dificuldade na aquisição de matrizes de qualidade e no manejo alimentar tanto dos adultos quanto dos alevinos; altos custos de manutenção de reprodutores; falta de estruturas e tecnologia adequada; e pouco conhecimento da biologia dessa espécie. R. BrasPara solucionar parte desses obstáculos, visando o desenvolvimento de criação de espécies carnívoras dentro do cenário da aqüicultura nacional, vários pesquisadores e empresas têm investido esforços na busca de tecnologia para a produção intensiva desses peixes (Campos, 1998;Machado et al., 1998...
RESUMO:O tamanho adequado e a forma das parcelas experimentais para candeia é uma alternativa para garantir interpretações corretas e conclusões bem fundamentadas sobre o cultivo dessa espécie. Assim, neste trabalho, objetivou-se defi nir o tamanho ótimo, tamanhos convenientes e forma adequada de parcelas experimentais para Eremanthus erythropappus, para avaliação das principais características dendrométricas em plantios experimentais. Para isso, foi utilizado um ensaio de uniformidade contendo 400 plantas, as quais tiveram a circunferência, a altura e o volume determinados. Foram simuladas 31 combinações de tamanho/forma de parcelas experimentais. Para a determinação do tamanho ótimo, foram utilizados três métodos de curvatura e um método baseado no modelo linear segmentado com platô. A forma adequada foi determinada a partir do critério de informação relativa e coefi ciente de variação. O tamanho conveniente foi estimado pelo de método Hatheway. Os resultados e as conclusões obtidas foram as de que o tamanho de parcelas experimentais para candeia, de modo a permitir análise das principais características dendrométricas, deve ser de 60 plantas úteis, sendo a conformação retangular 2×30 (linhas × plantas) a forma mais adequada. O tamanho conveniente é muito fl exível e permite adequação do tamanho da parcela experimental com as condições, características e limitações do experimento.Palavras-chave: Candeia, ensaio de uniformidade, máxima curvatura, modelo linear segmentado com platô, método de Hateway. SIZE AND SHAPE OF EXPERIMENTAL PLOTS FOR
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
334 Leonard St
Brooklyn, NY 11211
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.