Titanium nanoparticles (TiNPs) have been synthesized due to its certain characteristics that are expected like non-toxic, eco-friendly, and bioactivity. In this study, the researchers used Banana Peels Extract (BPE) with titanium dioxide to prepare new nanoparticles which are never carried before. These nanoparticles were biologically synthesized using an aqueous solution of banana peel extract as a bioreductant. The novel TiNPs were successfully prepared and characterized using Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-VIS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), and examined its antimicrobial activity against several pathogenic bacteria as well as insecticidal agent against Musca domestica. The instrumental analysis confirms the presence of TiNPs with average diameter: 88.45 nm and volume 31.5 nm as resulted by AFM and XRD respectively, while the bioactivity exam to TiNPs shows inhibitory effect against several pathogenic bacteria, as well as it cause a high mortality percentage against three larval stages of house fly.
Background: Bacterial infections are one of the prominent problems causing death, health troubles and physical disabilities all over the world. Objective: This study was aimed to compare between hot and cold alcoholic extract of Spirulina platensis. Materials and Methods: in regards to antibacterial efficacy against several multidrug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, Spirulina was isolated from a freshwater station located in Baghdad, then identified in consideration to molecular analysis and morphologically. algal extracts were prepared using 70% methanol through Soxhlet and maceration extraction methods, antibacterial activity for both algal extracts was carried out by using agar well diffusion assay against several bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcussp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp. and Serratia marscesence), also antibiotic sensitivity was determined for five different antibiotics (Gentamycin, levofloxacin, Netilimicin, Meropeneme, Cefixime) against tested bacteria. Results: The results showed that hot methanolic extract gives higher inhibition zones than cold extract. Besides, GC-Mass assessments resulted to identify biologically active chemicals (36 in hot and 6 in cold) as well as many Phyto-compounds within algal extract respectively. Conclusions: hot alcoholic extract of Spirulina platensis a good and safe choice to treat diseases caused by multi drug-resistant human pathogenic bacteria.
Background: Nanotechnology is receiving greater attention these days as a result of its applications in numerous industrial, medical, and environmental fields. Objective: To synthesize silver nanoparticles with a green alga, Cladophora glomerata , and determine their inhibitory activity against tumor cell (MCF-7) and transgenic mouse cell (L20B) lines. Materials and Methods: Methanol extract was prepared from Cladophora glomerata and used as a safe factory for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). UV-visible spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and EDX analyses were used to characterize the biosynthesized AgNPs. The anti-tumor activity of the phycosynthesized AgNPs was tested against the MCF-7 and L20B cell lines. Furthermore, the bioactive compounds in the algal extract were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Results: The phycosynthesis produced clusters of spherical and polydispersed cuboidal pure AgNPs with an average size of 32 nm. The phycosynthesized AgNPs possess anti-cancer and anti-tumor activities on the MCF-7 and L20B cell lines, with significant anti-proliferation percentages of 52.8 and 65.8%, respectively, after 48 hours of treatment with 100 μg/ml AgNPs. Both treated cell lines showed a significant change in cellular shape and tissue detachment. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of a high proportion of octadecanoic acid (47.59%) and hexadecanoic acid (14.97%). Conclusion: Cladophora glomerata contains chemicals that improve the stabilization and reduction properties of the nanoparticles. It can be used as a safe, local, and natural source for the synthesis of AgNPs and can also be used as a benign factory for many other metal nanoparticles. The phycosynthesized AgNPs have anti-cancer and anti-tumor activities on the test cell lines and provide an insight into the potential for using them as a trend in cancer nanotherapy.
There are varieties of marketable detergents and disinfectants purchased; in order to choose an effective one; it is very necessary to ensure its decontamination proficiency. So that a screening of pullulanase production from many isolates of Citrobacter freundii have been done using dried water cabbage as inducer of pullulanase production in the culture medium.Pullulanase producing bacteria was isolated and strain SW was designated. Morphological and biochemical tests in addition theanalysis of 16s rRNA observed that the strain SW revealed a 100% sequence identity withsimilarity to that of Citrobacter freundii. The pullulanase was purified by using two-step purification procedure consisting of ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography followed by gel filtration chromatography with a yield of 29.7%. The pullulanase has an important role in augmentation of disinfectant efficiency. Depending on the current results, the combination between pullulanase and commercial disinfectant resulted to increase the disinfectant activity to greater levels against fungi more than bacteria.
Pullulinase is an enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of pullulin forming maltotriose, panose and maltooligosaccharides that have a great prominence owing to their prospective use in medication, drink, diet and fine chemical industries. Because of the production of this enzyme is too expensive and characterized with low yield, there is a growing need to create a substrate to make the total process cheaper and more creative. In this study, the authors have reported pullulanase production from Paenibacillus macerans. Six isolates of Paenibacillus macerans were isolated from soil and agricultural wastes samples and screened for higher pullulanase production, Paenibacillus macerans isolated from second sample of wheat husk was gave superior inhibition zone around the colony as compared with other tested isolates. The activity of pullulanase was raised to 9.83U/ml when this strain was grown under the optimal conditions including using basal medium containing 1% (w/v) dried leaves of lettuce and 2% (w/v) peptone at pH 6, temperature of 50°C, inoculums size of 1.5 ml for 72 hour. The pullulanase exhibited highest activity (6.80U/ml) and (6.43U/ml) in presence of lettuce. Lettuce has aptitude as an efficient and economically suitable as compared with traditionally used substrates as pure pullulin and other types of saccharides.
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