The antibacterial effect of the crude hot Chloroform extracts and purified fractions of Spirogyra sp. (Green algae) against multidrug resistant human pathogen were isolated from burn and bound. The test bacterial strains were Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris and Escherichia coli. Hot Chloroform extracts (128 and 256 mg/mL) of Spirogyra sp. inhibited growth of all the test organisms. Primary detection of active compounds showed that (Spirogyra sp.) containing Terpenoid, Flavonoids ,Phenols Saponins and Alkaloids. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry was used to know the compounds which responsible of antibacterial activity and they wereNonadecane (44.5%) and Eicosane(19.2%) are alkane hydrocarbon Alkanes .While, Pentadecane represented(10.2%).Octadecane(8.3%),Tetradecanedihydroxyl (4.2%) Hexadecane 2-hydroxyl(2.1%) and Hexadecane(1.3%) from the crud hot extract of Spirogyra sp.These findings suggest the possibility of using the Spirogyra sp. as a novel source of natural antimicrobial agents in pharmaceutical industries.
Background: Bacterial infections are one of the prominent problems causing death, health troubles and physical disabilities all over the world. Objective: This study was aimed to compare between hot and cold alcoholic extract of Spirulina platensis. Materials and Methods: in regards to antibacterial efficacy against several multidrug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, Spirulina was isolated from a freshwater station located in Baghdad, then identified in consideration to molecular analysis and morphologically. algal extracts were prepared using 70% methanol through Soxhlet and maceration extraction methods, antibacterial activity for both algal extracts was carried out by using agar well diffusion assay against several bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcussp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp. and Serratia marscesence), also antibiotic sensitivity was determined for five different antibiotics (Gentamycin, levofloxacin, Netilimicin, Meropeneme, Cefixime) against tested bacteria. Results: The results showed that hot methanolic extract gives higher inhibition zones than cold extract. Besides, GC-Mass assessments resulted to identify biologically active chemicals (36 in hot and 6 in cold) as well as many Phyto-compounds within algal extract respectively. Conclusions: hot alcoholic extract of Spirulina platensis a good and safe choice to treat diseases caused by multi drug-resistant human pathogenic bacteria.
L-asparaginase is an enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of L-asparagine and formation of L-aspartate and ammonia and widely used as anticancer drug in pharmaceutical and food industry. This amino acid (L-asparagine) has an important role for development of cancerous, in contrast the normal cells don't need this amino acid. Eight Acinetobacter baumannii isolates of were isolated from different blood and sputum samples and it was found that high isolation rate of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from sputum was consisted with their association with lower respiratory tract infections. All these eight isolates were screened for higher L-asparaginase production and found that among all these isolates, Acinetobacter baumannii Sp3 gave higher asparaginase activity of 7.32 U/ml. L-asparaginase was purified to homogeneity by sequential chromatographic steps involved ammonium sulfate at 45% saturation followed by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography and sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography with a recovery yield of 68% and 22.65 fold of purification. L-asparaginase had antibiofilm activity against all tested biofilm forming pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii) after using Congo red agar and Microtitration plates methods for detecting biofilm formation ability. Highly antibiofilm of L-asparaginase recorded against Klebsiella pneumoniae followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa with reduction of biofilm formation ratio to 32 and 41% ,respectively compared with (100)% of control. Thus we can conclude that L-asparaginase has promising benefit as antibiofilm agent against biofilm forming pathogenic bacteria that have multidrug resistance.
Cyanobacteria and their emissions are becoming more widely reported around the world, posing a serious threat to both the environment and human health. Several orders of cyanobacteria have been identi ed to make cyanotoxin, the most common algal toxin. The aim of this research was to develop a method for detecting cylindrosprmopsin and saxitoxin biosynthesis genes in rivers .In November, December 2019 and January2020. Cyanobacteria were isolated from Tigris River freshwater and detected using a compound microscope as well as traditional PCR .All cyanobacteria isolates contained phycocyanin gene fragment.Five isolates of cyanobacteria in these study was successfully ampli ed a phycocyanin gene (Microcystis osaquae, Microcystis sp, anabaena circinalis ,nostoc commune and westiellopsis proli ca) and all isolates successfully ampli ed aoaC gene to detecting the cylidrospemopsin and the saxitoxin. Our ndings show that a PCR assay can be used to detect cylidrospemopsin and saxitoxin-producing cyanobacteria in river water, which is useful for stations that prepare drinking water for the public.
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