; PACHALY, J. R. Utilização da associação de cetamina, diazepam e detomidina na contenção farmacológica de equídeos (Equus sp.) para procedimentos de orquiectomia em campo. Arq. Ciênc. Vet. Zool. UNIPAR, Umuarama, v. 19, n. 1, p. 23-27, jan./mar. 2016. RESUMO:Este artigo apresenta os resultados de um protocolo de contenção farmacológica para orquiectomia eletiva realizada em campo pela técnica aberta, na Região Noroeste do Estado do Paraná, em 106 cavalos (sendo cinco pôneis) e 29 muares, utilizando abraçadeira de náilon 6.6 (poliamida) para ligaduras vasculares hemostáticas. Os 135 equídeos foram contidos por meio de injeção intravenosa da associação de cloridrato de detomidina, cloridrato de cetamina e diazepam, acondicionados em uma mesma seringa, o que facilita o manejo, especialmente quando se trabalha com animais inquietos ou agressivos. O método empregado teve fácil execução e baixo custo, e os resultados permitem sugerir seu uso em orquiectomias e outras pequenas cirurgias de campo em equídeos domésticos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Anestesia. Anestesiologia. Cirurgia. Cavalos. Muares. USE OF KETAMINE, DIAZEPAM AND DETOMIDINE IN CHEMICAL RESTRAINT OF EQUIDS (Equus sp.) FOR FIELD ORCHIECTOMYABSTRACT: This paper reports the results of an anesthetic protocol used for elective field orchiectomy performed by open technique, in the northwestern region of Paraná State, Brazil, in 106 equids (being five ponies) and 29 mules, using 6.6 nylon (polyamide) cable ties for hemostatic vascular ligature. The 135 equids were chemically restrained by intravenous injection of a combination of detomidine HCl, ketamine HCl and diazepam, mixed in the same syringe, in order to facilitate handling, especially when working with restless or aggressive animals. The method was considered low-cost and easy to perform, and the results allows to suggest its use in orchiectomies and other minor field surgeries in domestic equids. KEYWORDS: Anesthesia. Anesthesiology. Horses. Mules. Surgery. USO DE LA ASOCIACIÓN DE KETAMINA, DIAZEPAM Y DETOMIDINA EN LA CONTENCIÓN FARMACOLÓGICA DE ÉQUIDOS (Equus sp.) PARA PROCEDIMIENTOS DE CASTRACIÓN EN CAMPO RESUMEN:Este artículo presenta los resultados de un protocolo de contención farmacológica para castración electiva realizada en campo por técnica abierta, en la Región Noroeste del Estado de Paraná, en 106 caballos (incluyendo cinco ponis) y 29 mulares, utilizando abrazaderas de nylon 6,6 (poliamida) para las ligaduras hemostáticas vasculares. Los 135 équidos fueron anestesiados mediante inyección intravenosa de la asociación de clorhidrato de ketamina, clorhidrato de detomidina y diazepam, mesclados en una misma jeringa, lo que facilita la manipulación, especialmente cuando se trabaja con animales inquietos o agresivos. El método empleado ha sido fácil de realizar y de bajo costo, los resultados sugieren su uso en la castración y otras pequeñas cirugías de campo en équidos domésticos.
RELATO DE CASOCopyright Pachaly et al. Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, sem restrições desde que sem fins comerciais e que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado.Tratamento cirúrgico de lesões orais e faciais causadas por projétil balístico em cão da raça Pit Bull: relato de caso ResumoOs ferimentos causados por arma de fogo em cães costumam provocar lesões severas e podem ser fatais. A avaliação clínica é fundamental para a averiguação da trajetória do projétil, bem como seus efeitos e os danos sofridos pelo paciente. Este artigo descreve as características de um complexo ferimento facial em um cão da raça Pit Bull, causado por projétil balístico. O exame radiográfico confirmou a presença do projétil, que perfurou a face na região maxilar esquerda, penetrando a região nasal e causando avulsão de quatro dentes. O projétil seguiu em direção à rama mandibular esquerda, onde deixou resíduos de chumbo e ricocheteou, instalando-se definitivamente na porção médio-lateral da base da língua, de onde foi removido cirurgicamente. O impacto afetou os três dentes molares inferiores esquerdos, fraturando os dois primeiros, e seus fragmentos e raízes tiveram de ser removidos cirurgicamente. O paciente foi acompanhado ao longo de um ano, evoluindo para plena recuperação já no primeiro mês após a intervenção.Palavras-chave: canino, cirurgia buco-maxilo-facial veterinária, odontoestomatologia veterinária, perícia forense veterinária, trauma. AbstractTrauma caused by ballistic projectiles in dogs causes severe lesions and may be fatal. Clinical evaluation is very important to verify the projectile path, its effects and damage caused to the patient. This paper describes the characteristics of a complex facial wound in a Pit Bull, caused by a ballistic projectile. Radiographic examination confirmed the presence of the projectile, transfixing the left maxilla, penetrating the nasal region, and causing avulsion of four teeth. The projectile followed to left mandible, left lead residues and came back to the tongue, remaining in the mediolateral part of its basis, being surgically removed. The impact affected the three left molar teeth, which remaining fragments and roots needed to be extracted. The patient recovered within one month and the follow-up period persisted for one year, without intercurrences.Keywords: canine, veterinary oral and maxillofacial surgery, veterinary dentistry, veterinary forensic investigation, trauma. IntroduçãoAtualmente, uma das maiores preocupações da sociedade na segurança pública se refere à disseminação da violência, sendo consenso que um dos principais agravantes desse quadro é o uso crescente e descontrolado de armas de fogo. Tal uso leva a diversos tipos de traumatismos e torna necessário o estudo das características das lesões causadas pelos projéteis das armas de fogo (Heard, 2008).
Analgesia with maropitant in bitches anesthetized with tiletamine, zolazepam, atropine and detomidineAnalgesia com maropitant em cadelas anestesiadas com tiletamina, zolazepam, atropina e detomidina
Xylazine is a myorelaxant with sedative and analgesic effects that can be used in dogs and cats. The acupuncture point denominated Yin Tang has sedative effects when stimulated on animals. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate if xylazine in subdoses administered to dogs and cats in the Yin Tang acupoint has sedative effects as well as the therapeutic dose. Six dogs and six cats were used. The study comprised of four steps. In the first step (S1), the therapeutic dose was administered intramuscularly (IM). Second step (S2) was performed using one-tenth (1/10) of the dose used in S1 intramuscularly. In the third step (S3), the xylazine was applied in the acupoint Yin Tang, at the same dose used in S2. In the fourth stage (S4), physiological solution was administered in Yin Tang acupoint in the same volume administered in S3. The presence or absence of decubitus, somnolence, and other signs indicative of sedation were investigated in all steps and all animals. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p < 0.05). It was concluded that xylazine administered in subdoses in the Yin Tang acupoint in dogs and cats promotes sedation similar to the therapeutic dose administered intramuscularly.
; PACHALY, J. R. Utilização de abraçadeiras de náilon 6.6 (poliamida) como método de ligadura para orquiectomia de campo em bovinos. Arq. Ciênc. Vet. Zool. UNIPAR, Umuarama, v. 19, n. 1, p. 29-33, jan./mar. 2016. RESUMO:Este artigo apresenta e discute os resultados de um estudo sobre a orquiectomia eletiva realizada em campo pela técnica aberta, na Região Noroeste do Estado do Paraná, em 880 bovinos, utilizando abraçadeira de náilon 6.6 (poliamida) para ligaduras vasculares hemostáticas. Os animais responderam bem a cirurgia realizada sob contenção física em tronco de contenção, com anestesia local intratesticular, sem quaisquer problemas operatórios. A única complicação observada foi a ocorrência de miíases em 25 animais (3,09%). O método empregado teve fácil execução e baixo custo, sendo plenamente efetivo na substituição do fio de náilon cirúrgico para promover hemostasia preventiva, com redução do tempo cirúrgico. Os resultados permitem sugerir o uso de abraçadeiras de náilon 6.6 (poliamida) para as ligaduras vasculares emorquiectomias realizadas em campo nos bovinos, como método seguro e eficiente, capaz de reduzir o tempo de procedimento cirúrgico. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Castração de machos. Cirurgia. Ligadura. USE OF 6.6 NYLON (POLYAMIDE) CABLE TIES AS A METHOD FOR MASSIVE VASCULAR LIGATURE IN BOVINE FIELD ORCHIECTOMYABSTRACT: This paper reports the results of a study about elective field orchiectomy performed by open technique, in the northwestern region of Paraná State, Brazil, in 880 bulls, using 6.6 nylon (polyamide) cable ties for hemostatic vascular ligature. The cattle responded well to surgery performed under physical restraint and intra-testicular local anesthesia, without any surgical intercurrence. The only complication was the occurrence of myiases in 25 animals (3.09%). The method was inexpensive and easy to perform, being fully effective in replacing nylon sutures to promote preventive surgical hemostasis, and significantly reducing surgical time. These results indicate the use of 6.6 nylon (polyamide) cable ties for hemostatic vascular ligatures in field orchiectomyin bovine cattle, as a safe and efficient method, capable to reduce surgical time. KEYWORDS: Ligature. Male castration. Surgery. EMPLEO DE ABRAZADERAS DE NYLON 6.6 (POLIAMIDA) COMO MÉTODO DE LIGADURA PARA CASTRACIÓN DE CAMPO EN BOVINOS RESUMEN:Este artículo presenta y discute los resultados de un estudio sobre la castración electiva realizada en campo por la técnica abierta, en la Región Noroeste del Estado de Paraná, en 880 bovinos, empleando abrazadera de nylon 6.6 (poliamida) para ligaduras vasculares . Los animales respondieron bien a la cirugía realizada bajo sujeción física y anestesia local intratesticular, sin cualquier problema quirúrgico. La única complicación observada fue la aparición de miíasis en 25 animales (3,09%). El método empleado ha sido de fácil ejecución y bajo costo, siendo plenamente eficaz en la sustitución del hilo de nylon quirúrgico para promover la hemostasia preventiva, con reducción del tiempo quirúrgico. ...
Background: Otohematoma is common in dogs and is characterized by blood accumulation between the skin and cartilage of the outer ear. While the etiology is related to trauma, most cases have a predisposing condition. Treatment must drain the hematoma and maintain appropriate skin apposition to the ear cartilage. Treatment can be surgical, but there are also conservative options such as puncture drainage, followed by intralesional injection of glucocorticoids. This alternative method is less invasive than surgery, with an equivalent success rate. This study aimed to describe intralesional injection of corticosteroids for the treatment of dogs with otohematoma at a veterinary clinic.Materials, Methods & Results: Otohematoma was diagnosed and treated in 23 dogs (14 males and 9 females, weighing 9.6 ± 2.7 kg) at a reference private veterinary clinic. The dogs were chemically restrained, and their ears were cleaned with chlorhexidine. The lower face of each ear with otohematoma was then punctured with a needle coupled to a syringe to drain the liquid. Following drainage, the equipment was removed and the collected liquid volume was measured. A 0.5 mg/kg dose of methylprednisolone acetate was prepared and diluted in saline (0.9% NaCl) to a volume equivalent to 1/10 of the previously drained content volume from the otohematoma. The prepared solution was then injected into the drained ear. Additionally, each patient was treated for the original cause of the otohematoma, according to conventional protocols. Eight animals (34.78%) had bilateral otohematoma and 15 (65.22%) presented with unilateral lesions. Leukocytosis was observed in most patients. Other laboratory alterations present in the studied dogs were thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and anemia. Twenty (86.96%) patients presented with otitis externa. All patients were reassessed one week after the initial treatment, and 19 (82.60%) fully recovered. The remaining 4 (17.40%) required a new procedure to drain a small accumulation of liquid. Patients were then reassessed on the 15th day when full recovery was observed in 2 (8.7%). The remaining two (8.7%) underwent new drainage on the 15th day, accompanied by a new infusion of corticosteroids, returning recovered on the 21st day.Discussion: Consistent with the previous reports, unilateral otohematomas were more frequently observed in the present study. In most animals, the cause of otohematoma was otitis externa. This disease causes intense itching that leads to autotrauma, resulting in the rupture of vessels and accumulation of fluid between the skin and cartilage of the ear. Leukocytosis detected in the majority of patients was related to external otitis. The other hematological changes observed are common in the disease. The objectives of otohematoma therapy in dogs are to identify and eliminate the source of auricular pruritus, provide adequate drainage of the hematoma content, and maintain the appropriate apposition between the skin and cartilage in the ear. In all 23 patients in this study, these aims were met, culminating in favorable outcomes. The described method led to recovery for most patients (82.60%) in the first week and a success rate of 100% by the end of 21 days. These results observed in animal patients are similar to those seen in humans, where drainage leads to total regression of the disease. Glucocorticoids were chosen for treatment of otohematoma because of their anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, methylprednisolone acetate, an ester whose absorption was very slow, was used to allow for a longer anti-inflammatory effect.
The purpose of this article is to review the use of pharmacopuncture in the Yin Tang acupoint to tranquilize animals, emphasizing its importance as a tool for the veterinary practitioner in his daily routine. The aim of the acupuncture is to achieve a homeostatic effect, restoring the balance of altered organic functions. Pharmacopuncture has been used to produce sedation in dogs. The Yin Tang acupoint is a sedation point located between the eyebrows that produces sedation in humans and animals upon stimulation. Several studies have shown that administration of a subdose of acepromazine and xylazine in this acupoint effectively induces sedation in dogs comparable to that of the therapeutic dose administered by conventional means, without causing serios side effects. We hereby suggest that new drugs should be testes with this technique for the clinical practice in animals.
Background The aim of this work was to identify gram‐positive bacteria and their respective resistance profiles of free‐living capuchin monkeys. Methods For this, 15 Sapajus nigritus were captured in a municipal urban park in the northern region of the state of Paraná, Brazil, and under pharmacological restraint, samples were collected with sterile swabs from the oral, rectal, ocular, nasal, and auricular regions. After isolation of the 22 gram‐positive bacteria, each isolate was subjected to the catalase and coagulase tests for presumptive identification. Subsequently, phenotypic tests for bacterial resistance were performed using the agar diffusion disc method. The samples resistant to oxacillin were submitted to the PCR technique to search for the mecA gene. Results Of the 22 gram‐positive cocci of these two (9.09%) are Streptococcus spp. and twenty (90.91%) Staphylococcus spp. Among Staphylococcus spp. three (13.64%) were coagulate‐negative (CoNS) and seventeen (86.36%) coagulate‐positive (CoPS). Of the antimicrobials tested, enrofloxacin had the best performance, with only one (04.54%) isolate resistant to it, on the other hand, the antimicrobials with the lowest performance were cefotaxime and penicillin with 19 (82.36%) and 18 (81.81%) resistant isolates, respectively. Only five isolates had MAR less than 0.2, being one ocular, one oral, and three nasal, they had multiple resistance index varied between 0.07 and 0.92, with an average of 0.45 and a mode of 0.3. Among the samples with the highest resistance index, a positive coagulase Staphylococcus stood out, being intermediate to gentamicin and resistant to other antibiotics and an intermediate streptococcus to gentamicin, enrofloxacin, and resistant to other antibiotics. No sample was positive to mecA gene. Conclusions Future studies should be conducted to identify the Staphylococcus species, the high rate of antimicrobial resistance of the monkeys in this study suggests that Grooming's behavior may be contributing to the sharing of the resistant microorganism among the members of this group of primates.
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