Does a single application of contraceptive cause pathological changes in bitches?[Uma única aplicação de anticoncepcional causa alterações patológicas em cadelas?]

Veterinary and human medicine students should be trained in skills necessary to perform surgical procedures. Regarding the practice of surgical sutures, the methods used include the use of various materials such as fabric device, sponge, pieces of the animals and pieces of ethylene vinyl acetate. This article proposes to use banana and eggplant to train surgical suture techniques. The work was carried out by monitors from the veterinary surgical technical discipline. These monitors performed sutures in the vegetables (green banana and eggplant) and completed a questionnaire on the method. All monitors agreed that vegetables are easy to handle. Most stated that it was a pleasant experience for not using live animals. An advantage of using vegetables is handling, including storage and disposal. Besides, they do not transmit diseases. Animal materials such as bovine tongue, and swine parts that are widely used in suture teaching, present the risk of zoonosis transmission. The proposed organic bench model (banana and eggplant) may be indicated as a complementary alternative to advanced surgical sutures training. In addition, the model in question avoids the use of animals, while respecting ethical and legal issues.

The purpose of this article is to review the use of pharmacopuncture in the Yin Tang acupoint to tranquilize animals, emphasizing its importance as a tool for the veterinary practitioner in his daily routine. The aim of the acupuncture is to achieve a homeostatic effect, restoring the balance of altered organic functions. Pharmacopuncture has been used to produce sedation in dogs. The Yin Tang acupoint is a sedation point located between the eyebrows that produces sedation in humans and animals upon stimulation. Several studies have shown that administration of a subdose of acepromazine and xylazine in this acupoint effectively induces sedation in dogs comparable to that of the therapeutic dose administered by conventional means, without causing serios side effects. We hereby suggest that new drugs should be testes with this technique for the clinical practice in animals.

Background: Serious urethral damage or recurrent obstructions in felines require a urethrostomy to provide a return to and maintenance of urinary flow. In some cases, urethral reconstruction with complementary tissue is required. Grafting of autogenous vascularized intestinal segments is widely used in human medicine to promote the functional restoration of the urethra, but in veterinary medicine, its use is still incipient. Thus, the aim of this report was to analyze and describe the use of thein functional urethral repair in a feline diagnosed with a severe urethral rupture.Case: A castrated male cat presented with urethral obstruction. Emergency decompression cystocentesis was performed, and fluids and analgesics were administered. Catheterization and urohydropropulsion were attempted to relieve the obstruction, without success. An emergency perineal urethrostomy was indicated. After the procedure, the diagnosis (obstructive lower tract urinary disease) and the infeasibility of restoring urinary flow by conventional urethrostomy techniques were confirmed. We opted for a laparoscopic-assisted prepubic urethrostomy; the pre-prostatic urethra was transected, and its caudais end was brought through an abdominal incision cranially. However, urethral tension was noted after this maneuver was performed. Thus, we decided to use autogenous vascularized intestinal segment grafting for urethral reconstruction. A segment of the ileum was prepared for grafting, with preservation of irrigation and mesenteric innervation. A termino-terminal anastomosis was performed on the stumps of the remaining intestine, and the mesentery was sutured. The ileal graft was isolated and washed to remove luminal content. A tunnel was made in the abdominal muscles, subcutaneous tissue, and skin of the prepubic region; the cranial end of the intestinal graft was passed through this tunnel. A Foley catheter was passed through the graft, in sequence in the remaining urethra and urinary bladder. The luminal size difference between the caudal end of the graft and urethra was corrected by wedge-shaped cut, and a suture was made. Repair points were made between the caudal end of the graft and urethra across the entire circumference. The knots were then executed. Suturing of the abdominal wall was routine. To make the ostomy, the end border of the graft was externalized, and the antimesenteric border was cut and sutured to the skin. Finally, a Foley catheter was attached to the skin. The cat was kept in the hospital for 72 hours and then discharged. Regular clinical assessments took place for a year following the operation. Discussion: Transoperative maneuvers for obtaining and applying the graft were feasible, of medium complexity, and suitable for maintaining vitality of the grafted segment of tissue and restoring immediate urinary flow. Regular clinical evaluations over the course of a year, as well as ultrasonography and tomography of the urinary tract in the first half of the year, proved the effectiveness of the grafting technique; the cat’s urinary flow was normal, and there were no signs of rejection to the intestinal graft. We conclude that an autogenous graft of vascularized intestinal segments is a good urethral substitute and has significant therapeutic value for cases in which urethral reconstruction is necessary, particularly when other surgical techniques are not feasible.

É importante que se obtenha informações sobre tutores de cadelas portadoras de tumor de mama, pois o tutor precisa cuidar do animal principalmente no pós-operatório já que o tratamento é mastectomia. Foram entrevistados 11 tutores de cadelas submetidas à mastectomia. A maioria dos entrevistados tem ensino médio e superior, morando em casa própria com renda de um a cinco salários mínimos. Apenas uma pessoa disse que não sabia que cadelas podem ter câncer de mama. Entretanto, a maioria não sabe como prevenir o câncer de mama em cadelas, demonstrando que são necessárias campanhas educacionais sobre a doença para tutores de cadelas. A maneira mais frequente de aquisição do animal foi a adoção, o que demonstra o crescimento da posse responsável entre os tutores brasileiros. Três tutores afirmaram que aplicaram anticoncepcional nas suas cadelas várias vezes. Este fato é bastante preocupante porque tais fármacos possuem diversos efeitos colaterais adversos, inclusive tumor de mama. Oito tutores informaram que nunca haviam consultado um médico veterinário antes sobre o tumor, embora o mesmo fosse evidente. A maioria dos tutores só procurou ajuda para a cadela porque a participação no projeto era gratuita. Dificuldades financeiras é um dos principais motivos para que os tutores retardem as consultas. Entretanto, quando questionados por qual motivo as cadelas não tinham sido tratadas antes, nenhum tutor citou dificuldades financeiras. Concluiu-se que alguns tumores de mama foram causados por aplicação de anticoncepcional e que o desconhecimento sobre a doença ainda é grande entre os tutores entrevistados.

A compactação de fezes endurecidas no interior do trato intestinal é denominada de fecaloma, a qual está atrelada a fatores que interfiram na excreção normal do bolo fecal. O diagnóstico deve ser realizado de forma rápida, unindo o histórico do paciente, exame clínico, laboratoriais e  de imagem, a fim de se atenuar os efeitos deletérios da dilatação exagerada do lúmen intestinal e alteração em seu fluxo, por meio da escolha da terapêutica mais adequada em cada caso, que pode ser conservativa ou cirúrgica. O presente manuscrito tem como objetivo relatar um caso de fecaloma gigante em um paciente canino.

A cistite enfisematosa se trata de um acúmulo intraluminal de gás na vesícula urinária, proveniente da fermentação de substratos presentes na urina por microorganismos, como bactérias e fungos. Tal condição é relativamente rara e de ocorrência mais comum em pacientes que excretam de forma anormal glicose na urina, como por exemplo, em pacientes diabéticos. Relata-se no presente trabalho um caso de CE em uma paciente não diabética.

Background: Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a sexually transmitted, contagious, round cell neoplasm that affects mainly the external genital organs of dogs of both sexes. Canine TVT is practically the only tumor transmitted by cellular transplantation under natural conditions. The tumor occurs in all dog breeds and in various parts of the world, especially in the tropics and subtropics. Sexually active dogs that roam are at increased risk of acquiring the infirmity. The diagnosis is clinical, and confirmed by cytology. The most effective treatment is chemotherapy with vincristine. The aim of this report is describes a case of one male dog with an acute urethral obstruction caused by TVT.Case: In a Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (VMTH), a dog of unknown age was admitted. Volunteers from an animal protection institution rescued the dog from the streets after information from residents. Upon admission in the VMTH, the dog had an acute urethral obstruction, detected on clinical examination. Cystocentesis was performed to relieve the condition. Complete clinical examination and blood count were performed. Hematological examination revealed anemia and thrombocitopeny. The clinical examination revealed a swelling in the preputial area, and penile exposure was not possible. Because of this it was not possible to place the urethral catheter in the animal. However, preputial fistula and a friable, bleeding mass suggestive of a TVT were detected. For penile inspection and correction of the obstruction, the dog was submitted to a surgical procedure with an incision in the preputial midline. After the incision was made, several masses with a friable and bleeding appearance were found. The masses that prevented the urinary flow were removed and, cleansed with a physiological solution. The skin was sutured to restore the normal anatomy. In the same procedure, the dog was neutered. Cytological examination of the masses confirmed the diagnosis of TVT. After the surgery, the animal was treated with vincristine sulfate for three weeks and completely recovered. Due to the findings of the hemogram that were suggestive of hemoparasite, the animal was later referred for clinical investigation.Discussion: The animal in this case had lived on the streets, where it contracted TVT. This tumor is found most often in dogs that roam. The cystocentesis performed in the patient is used in cases of urethral obstruction in dogs where it is not possible to pass catheter. The friable and bleeding masses with ulceration that were presented by the animal, demonstrated macroscopic aspects characteristic of tumor venereal transmissible. In this type of neoplasm can appear masses in diverse places of the body, but in this dog, the masses were only in the genitalia. The urethral obstruction was caused by the masses around the urethral orifice, and urethral obstructions in dogs may be from neoplasms. The cytological examination confirmed the diagnosis, and such examination is adequate to diagnose TVT. The treatment with chemotherapy is effective to control the disease. However, in this animal, surgical intervention was necessary to restore normal urinary flow. The chemotherapy with vincristine was used after the surgical procedure to eliminate remaining masses. The animal was castrated because of the need for population control in free-living dogs. Although not common, urethral obstruction in dogs can be caused by tumor venereal transmissible.