-The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of closing cut dates (CCD) and nitrogen (N) rates on the components of pure seed yield (PSY) and seed quality in 'Mombasa' grass (Megathyrsus maximus 'Mombaça'), besides determining the parameters of apparent N efficiency (ANE) and agronomic N efficiency (AgNE). The field experiments were carried out over two growing seasons, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012, in Umuarama, PR, Brazil. The folllowing treatments were evaluated: CCD on October 10, January 31, February 15, and March 1; and N doses at 0, 75, 150, and 225 kg ha -1 . Significant interactions between the CCD and N doses were observed for the panicle tiller number (PTN), pure seeds per panicle, PSY, ANE and AgNE. Values of ANE and AgNE were better for 150 kg N ha -1 . There were no effects of CCD and N doses on seed quality. PSY was closely correlated with PTN, pure seeds per panicle, and pure seed number.The CCD treatments of longer growth duration and higher N doses showed the higher PSY. Final CCD delaying until February and N availability reduced yield. Closing cut date and N fertilization affect pure seed yield and yield component responses of 'Mombasa' grass.Index terms: agronomic nitrogen efficiency, apparent nitrogen efficiency, seed quality, seed yield. de N. A DR e o N não tiveram efeitos sobre a qualidade das sementes. O RSP foi estreitamente correlacionado ao NPP, às sementes puras por panícula e ao número de sementes puras. As DRs com maiores durações de crescimento e doses de N tiveram maiores RSP. O atraso da DR final até fevereiro e a disponibilidade de N reduziram os rendimentos. A data de rebaixamento e a adubação com N afetam as respostas do rendimento de sementes puras e as componentes do rendimento do capim-mombaça. Produção de sementes de capim-mombaça submetido a diferentes datas de rebaixamento e doses de nitrogênioTermos para indexação: eficiência agronômica de nitrogênio, eficiência aparente de nitrogênio, qualidade de sementes, rendimento de sementes.

RESUMO:A pecuária de corte brasileira tem sido marcada por intensas transformações, resultantes da aplicação de técnicas modernas de produção, da utilização dos cruzamentos entre raças, e das exigências do mercado consumidor. O desempenho do período pré-desmama é importante por se tratar do primeiro resultado de produtividade animal e a classificação e tipificação das carcaças possibilitam enquadrá-las em diferentes classes e, assim, direcioná-las a diferentes mercados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o desempenho pré-desmama e características de carcaças entre dois grupos genéticos: Nelore (NE), e ½ sangue Angus-Nelore (F1), os quais foram abatidos sem castração e suplementados a pasto do nascimento ao abate. Foram tomados, ao acaso, 36 animais sendo 18 machos da raça Nelore (NE) e 18 machos oriundos do cruzamento industrial entre Nelore e Angus, machos (F1), sendo todos submetidos ao mesmo manejo e abatidos sem castração, com idade aproximada de 20 meses. Durante o processo de abate, as carcaças foram classificadas e tipificadas. O grupo F1 foi superior ao grupo NE com diferença significativa referente ao peso ao nascer (p=0,0046), peso ajustado aos 205 dias (p=0,0002), peso ao desmame (p=0,0005), ganho de peso diário entre o nascimento e os 205 dias (p=0,001). Quanto às características de carcaças não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos (p>0,05), sendo que, ambos atingiram a exigência frigorífica para espessura de gordura. Observou-se uma superioridade nos animais F1 quanto ao desempenho pré-desmama, e nota-se a possibilidade de terminar animais inteiros a pasto, com acabamento de carcaça mínimo, desde que bem alimentados. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Abate. Cruzamento industrial. Desempenho pré-desmama. Machos não castrados. Produtividade. WEIGHT GAIN AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF NELLORE AND CROSSBREED ANGUS-NELLORECATTLE ON GRAZING SUPPLEMENTATION SCHEME ABSTRACT: The Brazilian beef cattle industry has been marked by dramatic changes resulting from the application of modern production techniques, use of crossbreeding and consumer market requirements. The performance of the pre-weaning period is important because it is the first result of animal productivity, and the evaluation and classification of carcasses enable their categorization into different classes, and thus, their directing to different markets. The objective of this study was to compare the pre-weaning performance and carcass traits between two genetic groups: Nellore (NE) and Angus-Nellore crossbreed (F1), which were slaughtered without castration, receiving grazing supplementation from birth to slaughter. Thirty-six animals were randomly selected, 18 Nelore (NE) and 18 Angus-Nellore crossbreed (F1) animals, all males, submitted to the same management system and slaughtered without castration, with approximate age of 20 months. During the slaughtering process, carcasses were classified and typified. The F1 group was superior to the NE group with significant differences related to birth weight (p = 0.0046), weight adjusted to 205 days (p = 0...

RESUMO Feridas cutâneas lacerantes frequentemente são observadas na espécie equina, onde a perda de massa tecidual e contaminação impossibilitam o fechamento primário, necessitando, portanto, do reparo tecidual por segunda intenção, que por sua vez pode levar a um período longo de convalescência e oneroso, aliado ainda a um potencial de formação de cicatrizes não cosméticas, especialmente em feridas profundas distais nos membros. Características singulares do processo cicatricial na espécie e a aplicação inadvertida de curativos podem contribuir para este quadro. Avanços na compreensão do processo reparativo foram recentemente obtidos, embora muitos aspectos ainda sejam controversos. Objetiva-se, portanto, fazer uma revisão das importantes considerações envolvidas, visando uma maior compreensão dos fatores envolvidos na cicatrização e opções terapêuticas deste processo nesta espécie. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: curativos; inflamação; tecido de granulação exuberante. CONSIDERATIONS IN WOUND DERMAL HEALING IN EQUINE: REVIEW ABSTRACT Deep dermal wounds often are observed in equines, where the tissue loss and contamination preclude the primary closure, requering tissue repear for second

 RESUMOO agente de maior importância, em relação à anaplasmose bovina, é o Anaplasma marginale. Os principais sinais clínicos dessa enfermidade são anemia hemolítica, icterícia, dispneia, taquicardia, febre, fadiga, lacrimejamento, sialorreia, micção frequente, anorexia, perda de peso, aborto e morte. A terapia antimicrobiana é o principal protocolo terapêutico. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia do dipropionato de imidocarb, da enrofloxacina e do cloridrato de oxitetraciclina no tratamento de bovinos leiteiros naturalmente infectados por Anaplasma marginale. Para isso, foram avaliados 48 zebuínos mestiços que apresentavam os sinais clínicos sugestivos da doença. Os animais foram submetidos à coleta de sangue para a realização de hemograma e à extração de DNA para a confirmação da presença de A. marginale, por meio da reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR). Os animais foram divididos em três grupos experimentais, para realização dos protocolos terapêuticos, utilizando-se dipropionato de imidocarb, oxitetraciclina e enrofloxacina. Trinta e seis animais (75%) apresentaram reação positiva ao PCR. Os animais positivos não apresentaram diferenças significativas quanto ao hemograma e ao leucograma quando comparados com os negativos, no entanto os níveis de proteínas séricas foram inferiores nos animais positivos (P<0,05). Os três protocolos terapêuticos foram capazes de reduzir a infecção ao longo do tratamento (P<0,01), porém, após cinco dias de tratamento, a enrofloxacina apresentou maior efetividade em relação aos demais (P<0,01). Após o final do tratamento, nenhum protocolo foi capaz de eliminar totalmente a infecção pelo A. marginale em bovinos naturalmente infectados e manejados a campo. hemolitic anemia, jaundice, dyspnea, tachycardia, fever, fatigue, lacrimation, salivation, frequent urination, anorexia, weight loss, abortion and death. Antimicrobial Palavras-chave: Anaplasma spp., bovídeos, PCR, terapêutica ABSTRACT Anaplasma marginale is the most important agent regarding cattle anaplasmosis. The main clinical signs of this disease are

SILVA, J. R. da; RIBEIRO, M. G.; ORLANDINI, C. F.; LADEIA, A. L.; RIBEIRO, L. V. P.; MEIRELLES, G. P.; BAR-RETO FILHO, J. R. C. Cesariana em égua -relato de caso. Arq. Ciênc. Vet. Zool. UNIPAR, Umuarama, v. 17, n. 2, p. 131-137, abr./jun. 2014. RESUMO:O termo distocia refere-se ao trabalho de parto anormal, e a espécie equina possui baixa incidência em relação às outras espécies. Quando diagnosticada, a correção da estática fetal por meio de manobras obstétricas é o primeiro método sugerido, porém quando não efetiva, a retirada cirúrgica pode ser indicada. A cesariana classifica-se em cesariana de emergência, de semiemergência e semieletiva, sendo que diferentes acessos à cavidade podem ser utilizados para esse procedimento. Descreve-se um caso de cesariana em uma égua de seis anos de idade que apresentava distocia há mais de doze horas e após tentativa sem sucesso de reposicionamento fetal, o animal foi encaminhado à cirurgia. Não houve intercorrências na recuperação anestésica e curativo local foi feito diariamente, juntamente com aplicação de antibióticos e anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais. Devido à hemorragia uterina que o animal passou a apresentar no terceiro dia de pós-operatório foi realizada transfusão sanguínea, administração de antifibrinolítico hemostático e estimulante de células vermelhas. No 17º dia pós--cirúrgico a égua recebeu alta e após cinco meses da data de cirurgia, por meio de ultrassonografia transretal, constatou-se que a égua apresentava um folículo de 37 milímetros no ovário direito. Conclui-se com esse relato que a cesariana em éguas é aplicada com sucesso nos casos de distocia, porém mais trabalhos, maior número de estudos e relatos sobre esse tema precisam ser feitos para que se possa estipular a taxa de sucesso deste procedimento nesta espécie e também a taxa de fertilidade futura das éguas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Cirurgia. Cesárea. Distocia. Potro. CESAREAN SURGERY IN MARES -A CASE STUDYABSTRACT: Dystocia is a term referred to an abnormal labor with relatively low incidence in horses. When diagnosed, the first suggested procedure is the correction of the fetal position through obstetric maneuvers. However, when these are not effective, a cesarean section surgery may be indicated. This surgery can be classified as an emergency c-section, semi-emergency c-section or semi-elective c-section, with different approaches to the cavity being performed. A 6-year-old Mangalarga Marchador mare presented dystocia for more than 12 hours, rupture of the corioalantoid membrane and fetal appendages insinuated into the rima vulvae. After unsuccessful fetal repositioning, the animal was submitted to a c-section with median--line incision, uterine exteriorization, uterine incision and removal of the dead fetus. There were no complications during anesthesia or recovery. Bandages were daily changed, and antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were also administered. Due to a uterine hemorrhage three days after surgery, the animal received blood transfusion, antifibrinolytic drugs and red bloo...

BackgroundDefects in the abdominal wall of horses have high relapse rate. This is mainly in lateral eventrations and hernias caused by trauma from kicks of other horses or installation structures. The eventration region normally becomes swollen and there may be complications due to intestinal loop incarceration. The surgical treatment, consisting of reconstruction of the abdominal wall, frequently require biological or synthetic materials for the reinforcement of the suture line and tension support. Therefore, several studies have reported new materials for the repair of the abdominal wall, with the aim of improving the integration among adjacent tissues and reducing risks and complications such as rejection and infection. This report describes for the first time the use of a regular polypropylene mesh reinforced with polyester buttons for the herniorrhaphy.Case presentationA male, three-year-old, Appaloosa with 500 Kg presented to our hospital with a 10 days history of an increased volume on the left ventro-lateral region of the abdomen. During the physical examination, a deventration following traumatic rupture of the abdominal wall was diagnosed via ultrasonography. Then, the equine was anesthetized and moved to surgery for correction of the eventration which was performed according to conventional technique described in literature. Two days later, an eventration relapse was observed and confirmed via ultrasonography. After that, a second surgical intervention was performed using polyester buttons and polypropylene mesh. After the second surgical procedure, no complications related to eventration were observed either intra or postoperatively. After that, a recheck was performed thirty days later where satisfactory wound healing and total recovery were observed.ConclusionThe use of polypropylene mesh reinforced with polyester buttons is an effective technique for the repair of traumatic eventration in horses. This technique provides effective reinforcement against the abdominal tension and was a good option for reconstruction of lacerated muscles in cases of equine post-traumatic eventration, including relapsing cases.

Background: Sporotrichosis is a subacute or chronic granulomatous fungal infection that affects the dermis and subcutane­ous tissue. Its etiology is related to a complex of Sporothrix spp. species of worldwide distribution. Usually, sporotrichosis results from traumatic inoculation of Sporothrix spp. into the dermis, affecting humans and other mammals, but a greater number of cases have been reported in felines, a fact increasingly important in the zoonotic transmission of diseased animals to man. In horses, there may be multiple ulcerated wounds covered with scabs and slightly elevated plaques or nodules that occur along lymphatic chains in limbs and can be unique and located. Iodides are considered drugs of choice for the treatment of sporotrichosis in horses. The main side effect of prolonged use of these substances is iodism and thyroid dysfunction. The aim of this study was to report a clinical case of sporotrichosis in an equine treated in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil, which showed secondary iatrogenic hypothyroidism with prolonged use of sodium and potassium iodide.Case: A female, 3-year-old, Quarter Horse, with 400 kg of liveweight presented at clinical examination of the cutaneous tissue elevated lesions of nodular aspect, with 2 to 4 cm in diameter, absence of itching and some nodules presenting alo­pecia areas in the chest and abdominal region, and in the anterior, posterior and internal regions of the hindlimbs, featuring diffuse distribution of lesions. Biopsy was performed for histological examination of affected tissue and microbiological culture in the attempt to isolate the etiologic agent. Treatment consisted of the use of intravenous potassium iodide (KI) at a dose of 2 mg / kg for 2 weeks, followed by oral sodium iodide (NaI) at a dose of 5 mg / kg, 10 days later and 20 mg / kg for a period of 65 days, totaling 100 days of treatment, during which hepatic, renal and thyroid functions were evaluated.Discussion: In the case described, empiric treatment with dexamethasone carried by the owner might have triggered the diffuse presentation of the disease restricted to the skin, as glucocorticoids interfere with immunity. The histopathological analysis of skin fragments obtained by biopsy and prepared with H.E. staining found mononucleate inflammatory infil­trate with the presence of lymphocytes and macrophages in deep dermis and necrotic foci. No microbiological isolation of S. schenckii was possible. They were described as a common side effect of the prolonged use of iodinated compounds, iodism and thyroid dysfunction. There were no changes in renal function; however, there was an increase in serum levels of ALT, GGT and FA, featuring liver dysfunction. Thyroid gland dysfunction was observed due to the low levels of thyroid hormones found in the bloodstream, featuring hypothyroidism. The animal of the present case report did not show clinical signs associated with hypothyroidism, which required no specific treatment, since normalization occurs with the gradual decrease of the body iodine levels after removal of the source. It was conclude that, despite the diffuse characteristic of the disease in the animal of this report, it was possible to obtain the clinical cure of sporotrichosis. Therapy with sodium and potassium iodide proved to be effective, but caution is recommended in the use of these drugs, as secondary iatrogenic hypothyroidism and liver dysfunction were observed due to the prolonged period of the required treatment.Keywords: hypothyroidism, fungal infection, sodium iodide, Sporothrix spp.

Background: Cutaneous wounds in locomotor limbs represent one of the most frequent disorders in equine medicine. Wounds in equines are distinguished from those in other species by unique characteristics, including different healing rates among breeds, wound location and high propensity to formation of exuberant granulation tissue during the healing process. The wound healing process that cannot be sutured can be accelerated by the use of skin grafts, lowering the treatment cost.The objective of this report was to divulgate the success upon treatment of an extensive lacerated wound in the metatarsal region of a horse using autologous skin grafts.Case: A 3-year-old, female, American quarter horse weighting 450 kg was brought to veterinary hospital with lower limb injury. According to the owner’s report, the animal had one of its limbs stuck in a plain wire fence. A wound was observed in the metatarsal region during physical examination, the lesion caused an extensive skin laceration that showed the dorsal surface of the metatarsal bone and the digital extensor tendon. After injury assessment, wound debridement was carried out by surgery intervention followed by antisepsis and application of autologous plasma every two days as post-surgical care and wound preparation to receive the graft. Forty-five days after the first intervention, grafts were collected from the neck and implanted in the wound. The procedure achieved 70% of success. After approximately 75 days, transplantation was performed in other regions of the wound using the same technique. The duration of treatment at the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR) was eight months, and then the animal returned home, where dressings were applied for two months to avoid the risk of contamination and until complete recovery.Discussion: The debridement of the wound and edges approximation were of great value in order to begin the process of wound granulation. The established therapy with scarring with gauze and use of antiseptics only in the initial stages of treatment, the frequent exchange of bandages every two days, preventing the accumulation of exudate and the use of autologous plasma favored the formation of the granulation bed and was sufficient to avoid infection and the formation of exuberant granulation tissue. Factors such as excessive movement and local infection were also attributed as responsible for the longer healing period, so the use of the spring coupled to the horseshoe decreased the joint movement, proving tobe effective in patients with severe extensor tendon lacerations. The use of the spring coupled to the horseshoe promoted a correct biomechanical alignment and no walking complication or deficiency was observed. The correct anatomical structural positioning prevents the formation of flexural deformities and fibrosis of the joint capsule. The use of micrografts wasbeneficial and simple to perform and the use of grafts contributed to a better cosmetic result. The main factor contributed to the grafting success was the use of dressing, which was regularly changed, and topical antimicrobial therapy correctly applied to avoid contamination. Based on the clinical result of this patient, it was concluded that the use of small autologous grafts can provide good recovery and healing of extensive wounds in horses when proper care with dressings and antimicrobial medication is provided after surgical interventions.Keywords: equine, surgery, graft, healing.