RESUMO:A pecuária de corte brasileira tem sido marcada por intensas transformações, resultantes da aplicação de técnicas modernas de produção, da utilização dos cruzamentos entre raças, e das exigências do mercado consumidor. O desempenho do período pré-desmama é importante por se tratar do primeiro resultado de produtividade animal e a classificação e tipificação das carcaças possibilitam enquadrá-las em diferentes classes e, assim, direcioná-las a diferentes mercados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o desempenho pré-desmama e características de carcaças entre dois grupos genéticos: Nelore (NE), e ½ sangue Angus-Nelore (F1), os quais foram abatidos sem castração e suplementados a pasto do nascimento ao abate. Foram tomados, ao acaso, 36 animais sendo 18 machos da raça Nelore (NE) e 18 machos oriundos do cruzamento industrial entre Nelore e Angus, machos (F1), sendo todos submetidos ao mesmo manejo e abatidos sem castração, com idade aproximada de 20 meses. Durante o processo de abate, as carcaças foram classificadas e tipificadas. O grupo F1 foi superior ao grupo NE com diferença significativa referente ao peso ao nascer (p=0,0046), peso ajustado aos 205 dias (p=0,0002), peso ao desmame (p=0,0005), ganho de peso diário entre o nascimento e os 205 dias (p=0,001). Quanto às características de carcaças não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos (p>0,05), sendo que, ambos atingiram a exigência frigorífica para espessura de gordura. Observou-se uma superioridade nos animais F1 quanto ao desempenho pré-desmama, e nota-se a possibilidade de terminar animais inteiros a pasto, com acabamento de carcaça mínimo, desde que bem alimentados. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Abate. Cruzamento industrial. Desempenho pré-desmama. Machos não castrados. Produtividade. WEIGHT GAIN AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF NELLORE AND CROSSBREED ANGUS-NELLORECATTLE ON GRAZING SUPPLEMENTATION SCHEME ABSTRACT: The Brazilian beef cattle industry has been marked by dramatic changes resulting from the application of modern production techniques, use of crossbreeding and consumer market requirements. The performance of the pre-weaning period is important because it is the first result of animal productivity, and the evaluation and classification of carcasses enable their categorization into different classes, and thus, their directing to different markets. The objective of this study was to compare the pre-weaning performance and carcass traits between two genetic groups: Nellore (NE) and Angus-Nellore crossbreed (F1), which were slaughtered without castration, receiving grazing supplementation from birth to slaughter. Thirty-six animals were randomly selected, 18 Nelore (NE) and 18 Angus-Nellore crossbreed (F1) animals, all males, submitted to the same management system and slaughtered without castration, with approximate age of 20 months. During the slaughtering process, carcasses were classified and typified. The F1 group was superior to the NE group with significant differences related to birth weight (p = 0.0046), weight adjusted to 205 days (p = 0...
RESUMO Feridas cutâneas lacerantes frequentemente são observadas na espécie equina, onde a perda de massa tecidual e contaminação impossibilitam o fechamento primário, necessitando, portanto, do reparo tecidual por segunda intenção, que por sua vez pode levar a um período longo de convalescência e oneroso, aliado ainda a um potencial de formação de cicatrizes não cosméticas, especialmente em feridas profundas distais nos membros. Características singulares do processo cicatricial na espécie e a aplicação inadvertida de curativos podem contribuir para este quadro. Avanços na compreensão do processo reparativo foram recentemente obtidos, embora muitos aspectos ainda sejam controversos. Objetiva-se, portanto, fazer uma revisão das importantes considerações envolvidas, visando uma maior compreensão dos fatores envolvidos na cicatrização e opções terapêuticas deste processo nesta espécie. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: curativos; inflamação; tecido de granulação exuberante. CONSIDERATIONS IN WOUND DERMAL HEALING IN EQUINE: REVIEW ABSTRACT Deep dermal wounds often are observed in equines, where the tissue loss and contamination preclude the primary closure, requering tissue repear for second
BackgroundDefects in the abdominal wall of horses have high relapse rate. This is mainly in lateral eventrations and hernias caused by trauma from kicks of other horses or installation structures. The eventration region normally becomes swollen and there may be complications due to intestinal loop incarceration. The surgical treatment, consisting of reconstruction of the abdominal wall, frequently require biological or synthetic materials for the reinforcement of the suture line and tension support. Therefore, several studies have reported new materials for the repair of the abdominal wall, with the aim of improving the integration among adjacent tissues and reducing risks and complications such as rejection and infection. This report describes for the first time the use of a regular polypropylene mesh reinforced with polyester buttons for the herniorrhaphy.Case presentationA male, three-year-old, Appaloosa with 500 Kg presented to our hospital with a 10 days history of an increased volume on the left ventro-lateral region of the abdomen. During the physical examination, a deventration following traumatic rupture of the abdominal wall was diagnosed via ultrasonography. Then, the equine was anesthetized and moved to surgery for correction of the eventration which was performed according to conventional technique described in literature. Two days later, an eventration relapse was observed and confirmed via ultrasonography. After that, a second surgical intervention was performed using polyester buttons and polypropylene mesh. After the second surgical procedure, no complications related to eventration were observed either intra or postoperatively. After that, a recheck was performed thirty days later where satisfactory wound healing and total recovery were observed.ConclusionThe use of polypropylene mesh reinforced with polyester buttons is an effective technique for the repair of traumatic eventration in horses. This technique provides effective reinforcement against the abdominal tension and was a good option for reconstruction of lacerated muscles in cases of equine post-traumatic eventration, including relapsing cases.
Background: Sporotrichosis is a subacute or chronic granulomatous fungal infection that affects the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Its etiology is related to a complex of Sporothrix spp. species of worldwide distribution. Usually, sporotrichosis results from traumatic inoculation of Sporothrix spp. into the dermis, affecting humans and other mammals, but a greater number of cases have been reported in felines, a fact increasingly important in the zoonotic transmission of diseased animals to man. In horses, there may be multiple ulcerated wounds covered with scabs and slightly elevated plaques or nodules that occur along lymphatic chains in limbs and can be unique and located. Iodides are considered drugs of choice for the treatment of sporotrichosis in horses. The main side effect of prolonged use of these substances is iodism and thyroid dysfunction. The aim of this study was to report a clinical case of sporotrichosis in an equine treated in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil, which showed secondary iatrogenic hypothyroidism with prolonged use of sodium and potassium iodide.Case: A female, 3-year-old, Quarter Horse, with 400 kg of liveweight presented at clinical examination of the cutaneous tissue elevated lesions of nodular aspect, with 2 to 4 cm in diameter, absence of itching and some nodules presenting alopecia areas in the chest and abdominal region, and in the anterior, posterior and internal regions of the hindlimbs, featuring diffuse distribution of lesions. Biopsy was performed for histological examination of affected tissue and microbiological culture in the attempt to isolate the etiologic agent. Treatment consisted of the use of intravenous potassium iodide (KI) at a dose of 2 mg / kg for 2 weeks, followed by oral sodium iodide (NaI) at a dose of 5 mg / kg, 10 days later and 20 mg / kg for a period of 65 days, totaling 100 days of treatment, during which hepatic, renal and thyroid functions were evaluated.Discussion: In the case described, empiric treatment with dexamethasone carried by the owner might have triggered the diffuse presentation of the disease restricted to the skin, as glucocorticoids interfere with immunity. The histopathological analysis of skin fragments obtained by biopsy and prepared with H.E. staining found mononucleate inflammatory infiltrate with the presence of lymphocytes and macrophages in deep dermis and necrotic foci. No microbiological isolation of S. schenckii was possible. They were described as a common side effect of the prolonged use of iodinated compounds, iodism and thyroid dysfunction. There were no changes in renal function; however, there was an increase in serum levels of ALT, GGT and FA, featuring liver dysfunction. Thyroid gland dysfunction was observed due to the low levels of thyroid hormones found in the bloodstream, featuring hypothyroidism. The animal of the present case report did not show clinical signs associated with hypothyroidism, which required no specific treatment, since normalization occurs with the gradual decrease of the body iodine levels after removal of the source. It was conclude that, despite the diffuse characteristic of the disease in the animal of this report, it was possible to obtain the clinical cure of sporotrichosis. Therapy with sodium and potassium iodide proved to be effective, but caution is recommended in the use of these drugs, as secondary iatrogenic hypothyroidism and liver dysfunction were observed due to the prolonged period of the required treatment.Keywords: hypothyroidism, fungal infection, sodium iodide, Sporothrix spp.
Background: Cutaneous wounds in locomotor limbs represent one of the most frequent disorders in equine medicine. Wounds in equines are distinguished from those in other species by unique characteristics, including different healing rates among breeds, wound location and high propensity to formation of exuberant granulation tissue during the healing process. The wound healing process that cannot be sutured can be accelerated by the use of skin grafts, lowering the treatment cost.The objective of this report was to divulgate the success upon treatment of an extensive lacerated wound in the metatarsal region of a horse using autologous skin grafts.Case: A 3-year-old, female, American quarter horse weighting 450 kg was brought to veterinary hospital with lower limb injury. According to the owner’s report, the animal had one of its limbs stuck in a plain wire fence. A wound was observed in the metatarsal region during physical examination, the lesion caused an extensive skin laceration that showed the dorsal surface of the metatarsal bone and the digital extensor tendon. After injury assessment, wound debridement was carried out by surgery intervention followed by antisepsis and application of autologous plasma every two days as post-surgical care and wound preparation to receive the graft. Forty-five days after the first intervention, grafts were collected from the neck and implanted in the wound. The procedure achieved 70% of success. After approximately 75 days, transplantation was performed in other regions of the wound using the same technique. The duration of treatment at the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR) was eight months, and then the animal returned home, where dressings were applied for two months to avoid the risk of contamination and until complete recovery.Discussion: The debridement of the wound and edges approximation were of great value in order to begin the process of wound granulation. The established therapy with scarring with gauze and use of antiseptics only in the initial stages of treatment, the frequent exchange of bandages every two days, preventing the accumulation of exudate and the use of autologous plasma favored the formation of the granulation bed and was sufficient to avoid infection and the formation of exuberant granulation tissue. Factors such as excessive movement and local infection were also attributed as responsible for the longer healing period, so the use of the spring coupled to the horseshoe decreased the joint movement, proving tobe effective in patients with severe extensor tendon lacerations. The use of the spring coupled to the horseshoe promoted a correct biomechanical alignment and no walking complication or deficiency was observed. The correct anatomical structural positioning prevents the formation of flexural deformities and fibrosis of the joint capsule. The use of micrografts wasbeneficial and simple to perform and the use of grafts contributed to a better cosmetic result. The main factor contributed to the grafting success was the use of dressing, which was regularly changed, and topical antimicrobial therapy correctly applied to avoid contamination. Based on the clinical result of this patient, it was concluded that the use of small autologous grafts can provide good recovery and healing of extensive wounds in horses when proper care with dressings and antimicrobial medication is provided after surgical interventions.Keywords: equine, surgery, graft, healing.
Follow up evaluations of 57 patients with surgically treated rotator cuff tears are presented and valued with regard to the literature. A short anterior exposure and cuff anchorage to the humerus is the method of choice. Anterior acromioplasty should not be a routine. Attention should be paid to adhesions of the sub-coracoidal space, they should be separated if necessary. Patients being of older age, with a short history and a long time interval between operation and final evaluation do have the best results.
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