2 0 20 In te rn a tio n a l S em inar on A p p lic a tio n fo r T echn ology o f In fo rm a tio n and C o m m u n ica tio n (iS em antic)

This paper discusses the microstrategies of translation (Schjoldager et al., 2008) used by visually impaired translators in translating English texts into Indonesian. There are three reasons for using these microstrategies: 1) they are more specific and thorough; 2) they outnumber other translation strategies; and 3) they can show the degree of creativity applied in a translation work (Yang, 2010). In order to collect the data, a translation task was assigned to two subjects of research in this study. The assignment was to translate a psychological text categorized as "very difficult to read" according to Flesch Reading Ease criteria. Six microstrategies were employed by the translators. The microstrategies and their total frequencies are as follows: direct transfer (9), direct translation (17), explicitation (6), paraphrase (3), addition (4), and deletion (4). Surprisingly, a visually impaired translator who has achieved better English proficiency and experienced translation training is less creative than the one who has not, i.e., the translator's creativity does not imply the quality of translation.

<em>Tourism information media is aimed at giving positive image of Indonesian tourism to international tourists. In linguistics, especially in systemic functional linguistics, herewith SFL, the attempt to create positive or negative image of a text is studied through appraisal theory. It deals with how the authors position themselves and how the readers are positioned in the text. However, when dealing with bilingual texts, the meaning shift is highly likely because the translation of the source language may not have the same appraisal features, i.e. attitude, engagement, and graduation. Therefore, an SFL-based translation model is needed to accommodate this issue. As far as the authors observe, there is no SFL-based translation model accommodating tourism texts (Nugroho, Septemuryantoro, and Lewa, 2017). The purpose of this paper is to develop an SFL-based translation model by intertwining appraisal theory (Martin and Rose, 2013), translation techniques (Molina and Albir, 2002), and translation quality assessment (Nababan et al, 2012). By applying critical literature review, the authors analyzed the application of these theories in sample data taken from four information media, namely brochure, booklet, website, and book. Furthermore, by using Flesch readability test, the authors were able to select some parts of the media which are considered “hard to read”. The result of this study reveals that there is a minimum shift of appraisal features found in the bilingual tourism media. It happens because the translators mostly employ established equivalent technique to translate the texts. However, the positive result mentioned previously does not go hand in hand with the quality of the translation. Therefore, to bridge the outcome between the appraisal features of source and target languages reflected through the use of translation techniques and the assessment result of their translation quality, the authors need to generate a holistic SFL-based translation model. </em>

Abstract-Word processing tool is a basic need in learning a language. One of the word processors needed by a language learner is part of speech (POS) tagging. While many POS Tagging tools for Indonesian language have been developed, no systems have been addressed specifically for language learners. This paper presents a study on an Indonesian part of speech (POS) tagging system developed as one of word processing tools for language learners. We use resources from previous Indonesian POS tagging research, such as MorphInd for the morphological analysis and IPOSTagger for part of speech tagging. Objective and subjective tests are employed to evaluate this system. In the objective test the part of speech tagging results use a system model developed from IPOSTagger in combination with MorphInd as the morphological analyzer, and compared with the results of part of speech tagging produced from the original IPOSTagger system model. The results show that the part of speech tagging accuracy using this system model is higher than other models. For its subjective evaluation, Mean Opinion Score (MOS) is used to the 24 participating respondents. The MOS results obtained reach 3,61 for test-1, 3,87 for test-2, and 3,72 for test-3. From the results, we expect that this POS tagging system could be used to help language learners in their Indonesian language self-learning process.

<p>This paper discusses about the microstrategies of translation used by undergraduate students of English studies of Dian Nuswantoro University. Accordingly, these microstrategies are proposed by Schjoldager (2008). The use of Schjoldager’s microstrategies is based on three reasons, they are: 1) these microstrategies are more specific and thorough and also outnumber the other translation strategies; 2) the use of translation microstrategies fits with students’ status as non professional translators; 3) they can show the degree of creativity applied in a translation work. In order to get the data, a translation task was applied in this study. Therefore, both translation process and products became crucial elements in this study. As a result, six microstrategies are applied by the students. Surprisingly, students who achieve the GPA below 2.75 are more creative than students who achieve 2.75 GPA or above.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: Microstrategies, creativity, translation strategies</p>

AbstrakSebagai sebuah teks, brosur promosi daerah tujuan wisata memiliki informasi linguistik dan visual. Dalam artikel ini, informasi linguistik dalam sebuah teks promosi pariwisata dikaitkan dengan unsur apresiasi yang diambil dari teori apraisal, sedangkan informasi visual dihubungkan dengan fungsi gambar berdasarkan teori semiotika visual. Aspek linguistik dan visual dalam sebuah teks promosi daerah tujuan wisata jelas tidak bisa dipisahkan, oleh karenanya, artikel ini juga membahas hubungan sintagmatik keduanya. Berangkat dari itu, keselarasan antara aspek linguistik dan visual dapat terlihat. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, data brosur bilingual pariwisata Jogjakarta tahun 2017 dianalisis dengan menggunakan lima tahapan analisis data ciptaan Echtner. Dari hasil analisis yang dilakukan, para penulis mengidentifikasi bahwa brosur bilingual tersebut didominasi oleh tema wisata alam. Unsur apresiasi yang seharusnya digunakan untuk memberikan evaluasi positif terhadap gambaran daya tarik wisata ternyata tidak banyak digunakan di dalam brosur. Yang mengejutkan, ketidakselarasan antara informasi linguistik dan visual banyak ditemukan di dalam brosur bilingual. Melalui artikel ini, para penulis merekomendasikan pembuat brosur untuk tidak mengabaikan keselarasan antara informasi linguistik dengan representasi visualnya serta menambahkan aspek apresiasi linguistik untuk menambah kesan positif daerah tujuan wisata. Kata Kunci: Apraisal, Apresiasi, Brosur Pariwisata Bilingual, Semiotika AbstractAs a text, tourist brochure possesses linguistic and visual information. In this article, linguistic information is associated with appreciation aspect, meanwhile, visual information is affiliated with its visual function. Therefore, this article also discusses the syntagmatic relationship between them. Departing from this point of discussion, the authors are able to identify the congruity of linguistic and visual aspects. Using descriptive qualitative approach, Jogjakarta Bilingual Tourist Brochure 2017 edition served as the data of the research is analyzed using Echtner’s five steps of data analysis. The findings reveal that nature tourism positions as the dominating theme of the bilingual brochure. Despite its function to give positive evaluation to tourism destinations, appreciation aspect is rarely used in the brochure. Surprisingly, the incongruity between linguistic and visual information appears in numerous occasions. From the findings appear in the study, we recommend tourist brochure creator to incorporate the congruity of linguistic information with its visual representation and improve the use of linguistic appreciation in describing a tourism destinantion to create a greater persuasive impact. Keywords: Appraisal, Appreciation, Bilingual Tourism Brochure, Semiotics

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Background: This study aims to determine the translation techniques used by visually impaired translators in translating popular scientific texts. Visually impaired translators were used as the subjects of this study because when compared to sighted translators, visually impaired translators had a different way of doing translation activities. The difference in this performance is influenced using text-to-speech tools they use. Apparently, this phenomenon has not been discussed by various specialized translation research previously and by involving blind translators as research subjects directly, translation techniques can be expected to be identified naturally. Methodology: Using popular scientific texts in the field of psychology, two visually impaired translators were assigned to translate 24 sentences in a translation experiment. To analyze the data that was collected, the researchers used analytical techniques consisting of a domain, taxonomy, and componential analysis.  Findings: Since they are too dependent on text-to-speech aids, visually impaired translators use a lot of literal and discursive creation translation techniques. The appearance of these two techniques in their translation implies that the resulting translation cannot match the context of the sentence. This happens because text-to-speech applies word-for-word reading. Conclusion: It is important for visually impaired translators to understand the weaknesses of their translation. Translators should minimize the use of literal and discursive creation translation techniques when translating popular scientific texts. One way is to improve their translation competence.