The impact of dietary fortification of an exogenous mono component protease enzyme with or without its matrix values (ME 31.5 Kcal, CP 0.84%, methionine 0.018%, lysine 0.05%, threonine 0.034%) on growth performance traits, feed digestibility, serum parameters, selected immune parameters, total counts of ileal clostridia species, carcass traits as well as duodenal histomorphological picture was studied. A total of 300-day old chicks (Cobb500) were randomly assigned to five separate floor pens equal experimental groups with three replicates (20 birds /replicate). Birds were fed either on corn-soybean meal basal diets (starter-grower and finisher) without any supplementation (G1) and served as control group, or basal diets to which protease enzyme was added on top at a rate of 200 ppm (G2). Birds in (G3) were fed on the basal diets to which protease was added at the same inclusion level but subtracting the whole matrix value of the enzyme. Birds in (G4) were fed on the fortified basal diets after subtracting only the metabolizable energy matrix value of the enzyme. Birds in (G5) were reared on the fortified basal diets after subtracting only the crude protein as well as amino acids matrix value of the enzyme. The experimental period extended for five weeks. Birds in groups 2 and 4 significantly ( P 0.05) surpassed all groups in weight gain, feed consumption and FCR, also these groups were significantly ( P 0.05) better in dressing %. Also G2 (protease on the top) and G4 (Low ME values) showed a significant elevation of CP digestibility and showed a significant (P 0.05) reduction of total ileal clostridia species counts. In addition G2 showed an increase in villus height and villus to crypt ratios compared to other experimental groups. In conclusion, broiler chickens respond positively to supplementation of protease enzyme and it can be used safely on the top of their diets.

Background and Aim: This study examined the impact of dietary fortification with rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and/or basil (Ocimum basilicum) leaves powder on glycemic status of dogs. Materials and Methods: Forty-five Rottweiler dogs were assigned to five experimental groups and fed an experimentally processed extruded basal diet that was either fortified or not fortified. G1 was fed the basal diet without any fortification (negative control); G2 was consumed the basal diet supplemented with a commercially available synthetic palatant (positive control); G3 was provided with rosemary fortified (at 0.05%) basal diet; G4 was provided with a basil fortified (at 0.05%) basal diet; and G5 was offered a rosemary and basil fortified (each at 0.025%) basal diet. Results: G4 and G5 exhibited a positive impact on growth performance traits. Dogs in G3, G4, and G5 showed significant decreases in serum glucose levels in comparison to dogs of the control groups (G1 and G2). It was clear that the inclusion level of 0.05% of basil leaves powder showed the greatest hypoglycemic action. Indeed, G4 dogs showed a reduction in blood glucose at a percentage of approximately 31% followed by G5 and G3 groups (16.25% and 14%, respectively). Furthermore, basil leaves inhibited the amylase enzyme activity. Both insulin and cortisol levels in G4 dogs were increased and reduced compared to controls, respectively. In addition, dietary fortification with rosemary and/or basil significantly increased glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels, while values for malondialdehyde and lactate dehydrogenase were decreased. Conclusion: It could be concluded that dietary fortification of dog diet with rosemary and/or basil leaves powder at 0.05% separately or 0.025% in combination might be used as promising modulators of blood glucose levels as well as clinico-nutritional management tools for the prevention and control of diabetes mellitus in dogs.

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The objective was to elucidate the effects of dietary guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) supplementation on broiler performance, serum enzymes, oxidative biomarkers, mitochondrial activities, carcase traits, gross lesion of cardiac muscle and liver histopathology in broilers challenged with T 3 -hormone. A total-of-192 one-day-old mixed sexed broilers were randomly assigned in a two factorial design, including two dietary treatments; control diet supplemented with or without T 3 -hormone (1.5 ppm) and GAA diet (0.06%) supplemented with or without T 3 -hormone (1.5 ppm). Each group was subdivided into eight replicates. Results showed interactions between GAAxT 3 -hormone. GAA diet significantly mitigated the negative effect of T 3 -hormone on serum total creatine kinase (CK), cardiac muscle (CK-MB), liver malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), mitochondrial activities of cardiac muscle and liver histopathological lesion. In conclusion, GAA at a rate of 0.06% may have the potential to mitigate the negative effect of dietary T 3 -hormone but could not reduce the ascites mortality at such inclusion rate. HIGHLIGHTSGAA protected heart muscle. GAA mitigated the oxidative radicals in T 3 -hormone challenged birds. GAA modulated the mitochondrial activities in T 3 -hormone challenged birds.

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