Effects of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on zootechnical performance and some biometric indices in broilers challenged with T₃-Hormone

Abstract

The objective was to elucidate the effects of dietary guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) supplementation on broiler performance, serum enzymes, oxidative biomarkers, mitochondrial activities, carcase traits, gross lesion of cardiac muscle and liver histopathology in broilers challenged with T 3 -hormone. A total-of-192 one-day-old mixed sexed broilers were randomly assigned in a two factorial design, including two dietary treatments; control diet supplemented with or without T 3 -hormone (1.5 ppm) and GAA diet (0.06%) supplemented with or without T 3 -hormone (1.5 ppm). Each group was subdivided into eight replicates. Results showed interactions between GAAxT 3 -hormone. GAA diet significantly mitigated the negative effect of T 3 -hormone on serum total creatine kinase (CK), cardiac muscle (CK-MB), liver malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), mitochondrial activities of cardiac muscle and liver histopathological lesion. In conclusion, GAA at a rate of 0.06% may have the potential to mitigate the negative effect of dietary T 3 -hormone but could not reduce the ascites mortality at such inclusion rate. HIGHLIGHTSGAA protected heart muscle. GAA mitigated the oxidative radicals in T 3 -hormone challenged birds. GAA modulated the mitochondrial activities in T 3 -hormone challenged birds.

Effects of Guanidinoacetic Acid Supplementation on Productive Performance, Pectoral Myopathies, and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens

“…Boney et al [ 17 ] recorded a 2.69% reduction in FCR from day 1 to 21 of age and a 2.55% reduction in FCR from day 36 to 42 of age in the diets supplemented with 0.06% GAA, regardless of the effect of the basal diet (conventional protein source or non-protein source), while BW was improved at 21 days of age compared to the non-supplemented groups. Khalil et al [ 13 ] reported that GAA at the level of 0.06% as the main effect on FCR resulted in a 4.03% reduction, regardless of the effect of dietary T3—hormone compared to the groups without GAA supplementation. Our results can be explained by the fact that GAA could improve the efficiency of energy utilization by replenishing ATP through the Cre-PCre shuttle system in addition to its Arg-sparing effect, which plays a central role in endogenous nitric oxide synthesis and maximizing growth performance of broiler chickens [ 14 ].…”

“…The same authors reported in second experiment that 0.06% GAA supplementation to poultry by-product meal basal diets with different energy levels had no significant effects on carcass composition compared to the non-supplemented groups up to 41 days of age. Khalil et al [ 13 ] reported that carcass and cutting yield was not affected by 0.06% GAA supplementation compared to the non-supplemented group. However, another study showed a significant increase in both breast weight and yield in groups supplemented with 0.06% GAA as the main effect in basal diets with or without animal protein source compared to groups without GAA supplementation, while other carcass traits and relative organ weights were unaffected [ 17 ].…”

“…Cre is a metabolite that can be synthesized de novo from three amino acids: glycine (Gly), arginine (Arg), and methionine (Met) [ 13 ]. Cre plays a direct role in protein accretion, has been proposed as an indicator of meat quality [ 14 ], and has been shown to have a protective effect on the cell membrane [ 15 ].…”

“…In practice, it is possible to increase Cre by increasing the arginine: lysine (Arg:Lys) ratio, but only up to a certain limit, otherwise performance may be compromised due to Arg-Lys antagonism [ 16 ]. Feeds of animal origin have a significant but highly variable Cre content which is negatively affected by the rendering process [ 13 , 17 , 18 ].…”

“…Many studies have shown the positive effect of GAA on production performance [ 13 , 14 , 17 ]; however, there are limited data on the effect of GAA on pectoral myopathies in modern intensive broiler production. In this study, it was hypothesized that GAA could improve the production performance of broiler chickens raised at high stocking density while alleviating breast muscle myopathies and improving meat quality.…”