With the number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infected patients increasing all over the world, a large number of survivors have reported changes in their quality of life or experienced re‐infection. So, we aimed to detect the percentage, type, and risk factors of persistent symptoms after improvement from acute COVID‐19 infection and to detect the percentage of COVID‐19 re‐infection and degree of severity of the second infection. One hundred seventy‐two (59 male, 113 female) patients who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) were followed up via mobile phone every 2 months for 8 to 10 months. After recovery, 105 patients (61%) (30 male, 75 female) reported one or more COVID‐19 persistent symptoms. Fatigue, dyspnea, and depression were the most common persistent symptoms representing 37.3%, 22%, 22%, respectively. We found that age was independently related to the persistence of symptoms. During the follow‐up, six females (3.5%) had laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 re‐infection. Their mean age was 35.7 ± 11 years. The mean interval from the complete recovery of the first infection to the onset of the second one was 53 ± 22.2 days and ranged from 30 to 90 days. The second infection was milder in severity than the first infection in 83.33% of cases. There was a high percentage of patients who complained of persistent symptoms after recovery from COVID‐19. Fatigue and headache were the most common persistent symptoms. Age was considered a risk factor for persistent symptoms. Re‐infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 can occur after recovery.

Background and Aim: This study examined the impact of dietary fortification with rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and/or basil (Ocimum basilicum) leaves powder on glycemic status of dogs. Materials and Methods: Forty-five Rottweiler dogs were assigned to five experimental groups and fed an experimentally processed extruded basal diet that was either fortified or not fortified. G1 was fed the basal diet without any fortification (negative control); G2 was consumed the basal diet supplemented with a commercially available synthetic palatant (positive control); G3 was provided with rosemary fortified (at 0.05%) basal diet; G4 was provided with a basil fortified (at 0.05%) basal diet; and G5 was offered a rosemary and basil fortified (each at 0.025%) basal diet. Results: G4 and G5 exhibited a positive impact on growth performance traits. Dogs in G3, G4, and G5 showed significant decreases in serum glucose levels in comparison to dogs of the control groups (G1 and G2). It was clear that the inclusion level of 0.05% of basil leaves powder showed the greatest hypoglycemic action. Indeed, G4 dogs showed a reduction in blood glucose at a percentage of approximately 31% followed by G5 and G3 groups (16.25% and 14%, respectively). Furthermore, basil leaves inhibited the amylase enzyme activity. Both insulin and cortisol levels in G4 dogs were increased and reduced compared to controls, respectively. In addition, dietary fortification with rosemary and/or basil significantly increased glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels, while values for malondialdehyde and lactate dehydrogenase were decreased. Conclusion: It could be concluded that dietary fortification of dog diet with rosemary and/or basil leaves powder at 0.05% separately or 0.025% in combination might be used as promising modulators of blood glucose levels as well as clinico-nutritional management tools for the prevention and control of diabetes mellitus in dogs.

Assessment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity in nursing home (NH) residents is limited by data requirements and lack of specialty staff, equipment, or resident ability. The Minimum Data Set (MDS) is a clinical assessment of functional capabilities and health needs completed for all NH residents in Medicare and/or Medicaid-certified long-term care homes. The objective of this study was to develop a map from the MDS to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) AD staging of COPD severity to aid the selection of COPD treatment for NH residents.

Aim: To evaluate the efficiency of Platelet Rich Plasma vs. Platelet Rich Fibrin on overall leveling and alignment time of mandibular anterior crowding. Subjects and methods:Thirty-six females (18-25 years) with mandibular anterior crowding were randomly allocated into PRP, PRF, or control groups. The first molars on the right and left sides of the mandible were banded or bonded with Roth prescription tube. Mandibular teeth Second premolar to the second premolar were bonded using 0.022-inch pre-adjusted edgewise mini diamond brackets with Roth prescription. Immediately after bonding of the brackets, the initial wire used, the wire sequence was 0.014 Cu-Ni followed by 0.016 Cu-Ni and finally 16x22 NiTi. Our cut-off was17x25 Stainless Steel wire. In PRP or PRF group, the patients were injected into the mandibular anterior segment on the first day of fixed appliance insertion. Over the period of seven days following the initial archwire insertion, visual analogue scale questionnaires were completed by each patient. The irregularity index was monitored using digital models. Results:The average alignment time was considerably shorter in the PRP and PRF groups compared to the control group (60±15, 64.29±26.99 and 126.43±51.86 days respectively). The PRP and PRF group displayed a significantly higher mean alignment improvement percentage as well as lower pain scores compared to the control group.Conclusions: PRP and PRF have the ability to accelerate the alignment of the anterior segment and decrease the discomfort produced by the first insertion of the arch wires.

Prior to the middle of the nineteenth century, pet owners fed their pets a homemade food because commercial pet foods were not available. Recently, pet owners have become interested in both quality and safety of foods that they fed their pets, they pay most attention to select a product able to provide optimal nutritional requirement, promote long-term health sustainability, highly palatable and of better economic return. Proximate chemical composition is the primary indicator that could be used for nutritional value evaluation of food since it provides a basic data help in diet formulation, yet it does not concern the palatability and bioavailability of different nutrients. Moreover, water activity (aw) and mycotoxins levels are indicators that should be determined during dry pet food safety evaluation.Water activity can be defined as the water's energy status in a product (unbound or free water) which its value ranges from 0 to 1.0. Water activity is already used since the 1960's in commercial pet foods. Moreover, moisture content provides information concerning product quality, but it cannot be regarded as the effective tool for product quality and safety because it describes the total water amount (both bound and free) without specification separately, and only unbound water is responsible for product microbial contamination and spoilage. Moisture content may be higher than the allowable levels, but if the water activity is adequately low, the microorganisms cannot use the water to maintain their growth. Both moisture and water activity are important measures, but water activity is the only measure which can be considered as the most effective tool providing the most valuable data about product quality and safety. Drying pet food below a critical water activity level can be an effective way for microbial growth control (1) . Baser and Yalcin (2017) carried out a surveillance study on 36 sample of both dog and cat extruded dry food available in Turkish market to evaluate their quality characteristics. They subjected samples to water activity and moisture analysis and found that water activity mean recorded 0.41 and 0.44, moisture content was 5.80% and 6.44% for cat and dog foods respectively. They stated that samples are safe, durable and not susceptible to any distortion.

Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate posterior transverse changes of the maxillary dental arch in class II malocclusion accompanying maxillary molars distalization. Materials & methods:Twelve subjects with a mean age of 19.4 years, moderate skeletal class II malocclusion, dental class II molar relationship, and full permanent dentition participated in this study. Dental Cone Beam Computed Tomography scans (CBCT) were done before and immediately after distalization. Maxillary posterior segment was prepared for molar distalization by leveling and alignment till reaching stiff stainless steel arch wire. A miniscrew was inserted mesial to the maxillary permanent first molar and immediately loaded; and open coil spring was placed between maxillary second premolar and first permanent molar. Results:The maxillary second premolar moved buccally significantly by a mean of 2.01 mm; while the maxillary first and second molars showed highly significant buccal movement following distalization by means of 1.43 mm and 0.95 mm respectively. Conclusion:From the results obtained from this study, it could be concluded that using open coil spring and miniscrew as indirect anchor age during maxillary molars distalization; produces buccal expansion of maxillary dental arch.