The interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene polymorphisms have been implicated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk, but results are controversial. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to address this issue. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to investigate the strength of the association. The meta-analysis revealed no association between the IL1B (−511), (−31), (+3954) polymorphisms and COPD risk. However, stratification by ethnicity indicated that the T allele carriers of the IL1B (−511) polymorphism and the C allele carriers of the IL1B (−31) variant were associated with an increased risk for developing COPD in East Asians (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.13–2.31, Pz = 0.009 and OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.14–2.11, Pz = 0.006, respectively). The meta-analysis revealed a significant association between the IL1RN (VNTR) polymorphism and COPD risk in all study subjects and East Asians under homozygote model (22 vs. LL: OR = 3.16, 95% CI: 1.23–8.13, Pz = 0.017 and OR = 3.20, 95% CI: 1.13–9.12, Pz = 0.029, respectively). Our meta-analysis suggests that the IL1B (−511), (−31) and IL1RN (VNTR) polymorphisms are associated with COPD risk in East Asians. There is no association between the IL1B (+3954) polymorphism and COPD risk. Further studies should be performed in other ethnic groups besides East Asians.

The TNF-α-308G/A polymorphism contributes to the risk of OSA, especially in adults.

Our findings suggest that IL-13 SNP rs20541 is significantly associated with AR risk in Asians but not in Caucasians. However, the accumulating evidence does not support an association of IL-13 SNP rs1800925 and CD14 SNP rs2569190 with AR risk.

Our results indicate there is a lack of association between the IL1B (-511 and +3954), IL1RN VNTR polymorphisms and TB risk.

IntroductionGiven evidence that the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a number of case-control studies have attempted to assess the relationship between genetic polymorphisms in MMP genes and COPD risk. However, reliable measures of these results are lacking.Material and methodsWe assessed the published evidence for association of the MMP-3, MMP-9 and MMP-12 polymorphisms with COPD risk using meta-analytic techniques. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for each study using fixed or random effect models.ResultsA total of 23 case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis. No significant association was observed between the MMP-9 rs3918242 polymorphism and COPD risk in the overall populations under the dominant (T/T + C/T vs C/C: OR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.00-1.69, P=0.054) and allele contrast (T allele vs C allele: OR=1.22, 95% CI: 0.97-1.53, P=0.088) models. However in sub-group analysis the polymorphism rs3918242 was significant in Asians under the dominant model (T/T + C/T vs C/C: OR=1.66, 95% CI: 1.02-2.72, P=0.043). The results for MMP-12 rs2276109 showed an association with COPD only in mixed populations (G/G + A/G vs A/A: OR=1.57, 95% CI: 1.10-2.24, P=0.013; G allele vs A allele: OR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.09-2.14, P=0.015). We did not find any significant association of the MMP-12 rs652438 and MMP-3 rs35068180 polymorphisms with COPD.ConclusionsThe findings in this meta-analysis suggest that the risk of COPD is associated with the MMP-9 rs3918242 and MMP-12 rs2276109 polymorphisms in certain ethnic groups.

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Chitinase 3-like 1 (<i>CHI3L1</i>) is an important factor involved in the development of asthma. This meta-analysis assessed the association of the <i>CHI3L1</i> polymorphisms rs4950928, rs10399931, rs883125, rs880633, and rs10399805 with asthma risk. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure up until September 4, 2021, for relevant studies. Sixteen publications with 18 studies involving 5,005 asthma patients and 9,725 controls were included in this meta-analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The meta-analyses showed that among East-Asian subjects, increased asthma risk was associated with <i>CHI3L1</i> rs4950928 (GG + CG vs. CC: odds ratio [OR] = 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09–1.88, <i>p</i> = 0.011; GG vs. CG + CC: OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.20–2.26, <i>p</i> = 0.002; GG vs. CC: OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.41–2.75, <i>p</i> = 0.000; and G vs. C: OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.12–1.66, <i>p</i> = 0.002) and rs883125 (G vs. C: OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.01–1.99, <i>p</i> = 0.043), whereas <i>CHI3L1</i> rs10399931 was associated with reduced asthma risk (TT vs. CT + CC: OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64–0.99, <i>p</i> = 0.038; TT vs. CC: OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61–0.98, <i>p</i> = 0.030). In addition, we found an association between <i>CHI3L1</i> rs4950928 and asthma risk in adult subjects but not children, while <i>CHI3L1</i> rs883125 was associated with asthma risk in children. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The <i>CHI3L1</i> polymorphisms rs4950928, rs10399931, and rs883125 are important genetic factors for asthma among East-Asian subjects.