Acne vulgaris atau jerawat merupakan suatu penyakit inflamasi kronik pada unitpolisebaseus yang sering terjadi khususnya pada remaja dan dewasa yang salahsatunya disebabkan oleh bakteri Propionibacterium acnes.Bahan alam yang punyapotensi sebagai antibakteri adalah Kalangkala (Litsea angulata Bl.) yang manasebagian masyarakat Kalimantan Selatan menggunakan bijinya untuk mengobatibisul.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan metabolit sekunderekstrak etanol 70% biji Kalangkala dan aktivitasnya sebagai antibakteri terhadapP.acnes.Uji skrining fitokimia meliputi flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, steroid-terpenoiddan tanin. Metode uji aktivitas antibakteri dengan metode difusi sumuranmenggunakan konsentrasi ekstrak 100%; 50%; 25%; 12,5%; 6,25%; dan 3,125%.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak etanol 70% biji Kalangkala mengandungsenyawa flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin dan tanin. Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol70% biji Kalangkala (Litsea angulata Bl.) terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnesdengan metode difusi sumuran didapatkan MIC yaitu 25% dengan rata-rata diameterzona hambat sebesar 8,667 mm yang termasuk kategori sedang sebagai zatantibakteri.
Kalangkala (Litsea angulata BI) merupakan salah satu spesies dari genus Litsea dan tergolong dalam keluarga Lauraceae. Sebagian masyarakat Kalimantan Selatan telah menggunakan tumbuhan Kalangkala dalam beragam pengobatan tradisional, seperti bagian kulit batangnya yang secara empiris berkhasiat untuk anti iritan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan data ilmiah mengenai gambaran farmakognostik secara kualitatif dengan beberapa tahapan pemeriksaan organoleptik, makroskopik, mikroskopik, ekstraksi, dan skrining fitokimia. Pada pemeriksaan organoleptik kulit batang Kalangkala segar yaitu berwarna hijau, terasa agak pahit, dan bau khas lemah. Sementara serbuk simplisianya berwarna cokelat muda, rasa pahit agak kelat, dan berbau khas agak menyengat. Hasil pemeriksaan makroskopik kulit batang Kalangkala berbentuk tipis dan lunak, ketebalannya sekitar ± 3 mm, tekstur permukaan luar kulit batang Kalangkala memiliki tipe halus namun agak kasap dan bagian permukaan dalam teraba licin juga berlendir. Pada pemeriksaan mikroskopik terdapat epidermis, vakuola, kloroplas, sel batu, hablur kalsium oksalat, serat lumen, dan jaringan gabus. Ekstrak diperoleh dari maserasi simplisia menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak kental kulit batang Kalangkala mengandung metabolit sekunder berupa alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, dan saponin
Binjai (Mangifera Caesia Jack. Ex. Wall) is one of the Mangifera species with a better antioxidant source and significantly high phenolic-flavonoid contents. Exploring the bioactive potential of Binjai must be necessary for the treatment and prevention of UV-mediated diseases to be developed due to sunscreen emulgel. This study aims to identify quercetin and mangiferin, and determine the sun protection factor (SPF) of Binjai leaves and the effect of the different gelling agents on the sunscreen emulgel SPF. Binjai leaves were extracted with methanol using the Soxhlet apparatus. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for the remaining methanol solvent. The quercetin and mangiferin identification was examined by DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) spray-on TLC. The emulgel was made using three optimum formulas with different gelling agents (Carbopol, Na-CMC, and tragacanth). The SPF was determined by measuring the absorbance using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The extract was identified as not containing methanol solvent residual. Identification with TLC showed one yellow spot from the extract that was parallel with quercetin and also mangiferin on a purple background after spraying the DPPH. The extract with a concentration of 2500 ppm obtained an SPF of 23.01 compared to quercetin (50 ppm) which has an SPF of 16.93. The emulgel of the extract with the highest SPF of 21.38 was obtained from the Carbopol formula. The methanol extract of Binjai leaves has ultra-protection as a sunscreen with the variation of different gelling agents on the emulgel preparation did not affect the in vitro sunscreen activity.
Background: Binjai leaves (Mangifera caesia Jack. ex. Wall) or M. caesia contain phenolic and flavonoid compounds important in medicinal plants development. The solvent difference and fractionation will give various active substance concentrations. Objective: To evaluate the phenolic and flavonoid content qualitatively and quantitatively from the n-hexane fraction of binjai leaves methanol extract. Methods: The soxhletation method with methanol was used to extract binjai leaves followed by fractionation. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) followed by spraying reagents were used to test phenols and flavonoids compounds. Folin-Ciocalteu reagents were used to analyzed total phenolics, while AlCl3 reagents were used to quantify the total flavonoid content. Result: This study gave positive results on the qualitative test of phenolics and flavonoids. Meanwhile, the fraction assay results showed total phenolic levels of 45.19 µgGAE/mg and total flavonoid levels of 165.06 µgQE/mg. Conclusion: The n-hexane fraction of M. caesia leaves methanol extracts contains phenols and flavonoid content so that it has the potential as a medicinal plant. Keywords: Binjai leaves, methanol extracts, n-hexane fraction, phenol, flavonoid
Background: Antioxidants are a group of organic molecules and enzymes that work synergistically to enhance cellular defenses and combat oxidative stress. Antioxidants can come from plants because they contain many groups of phytochemical compounds and vitamins. One of the plants that has compounds with antioxidant activity is cassava. Objective: To measure the antioxidant activity of methanol extract of cassava leaves using the CUPRAC method. Methods: Cassava leaves were extracted by maceration using methanol as a solvent with the addition of 5% H2SO4. Phytochemical screening of flavonoids with Mg and HCl, while phenol with the addition of FeCl3. The antioxidant activity based on the reaction of the test solution with CUPRAC reagent. Antioxidant activity can be determined by IC50 value by using x value as concentration and y value as absorbance. Results: The results of phytochemical screening showed that the methanol extract of cassava leaves contained flavonoids and phenolic groups. The antioxidant capacity of the methanol extract of cassava leaves obtained an IC50 value of 156.03 ppm, while quercetin has a very strong capacity as an antioxidant with an IC50 of 9.83 ppm. Conclusion: The methanol extract of cassava leaves has a weak antioxidant capacity in reducing metal ions. Keywords: Cassava leaves, Manihot esculenta Crantz, methanol extract, antioxidants, CUPRAC.
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