The Effect of Different Gelling Agents on the Sun Protection Factor From Emulgel Formula of Binjai (Mangifera Caesia Jack. Ex. Wall) Leaves Methanol Extract

Abstract

Binjai (Mangifera Caesia Jack. Ex. Wall) is one of the Mangifera species with a better antioxidant source and significantly high phenolic-flavonoid contents. Exploring the bioactive potential of Binjai must be necessary for the treatment and prevention of UV-mediated diseases to be developed due to sunscreen emulgel. This study aims to identify quercetin and mangiferin, and determine the sun protection factor (SPF) of Binjai leaves and the effect of the different gelling agents on the sunscreen emulgel SPF. Binjai leaves were extracted with methanol using the Soxhlet apparatus. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for the remaining methanol solvent. The quercetin and mangiferin identification was examined by DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) spray-on TLC. The emulgel was made using three optimum formulas with different gelling agents (Carbopol, Na-CMC, and tragacanth). The SPF was determined by measuring the absorbance using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The extract was identified as not containing methanol solvent residual. Identification with TLC showed one yellow spot from the extract that was parallel with quercetin and also mangiferin on a purple background after spraying the DPPH. The extract with a concentration of 2500 ppm obtained an SPF of 23.01 compared to quercetin (50 ppm) which has an SPF of 16.93. The emulgel of the extract with the highest SPF of 21.38 was obtained from the Carbopol formula. The methanol extract of Binjai leaves has ultra-protection as a sunscreen with the variation of different gelling agents on the emulgel preparation did not affect the in vitro sunscreen activity.

Comparison of maceration and infundation towards antioxidant capacity of leaves aqueous extracts of balik angin (Alphitonia incana (Roxb.) Teijsm. & Binn. ex Kurz)

“…If the data is met, it is continued with One Way Anova analysis. If the normality and homogeneity tests are not met, then the data is analysed using the Kruskal Wallis test (Ramadhan et al, 2022b).…”

Antibacterial Activity of Liquid Crystal Nanoparticles Gel of Binjai Leaves Methanol Extract (Mangifera Caesia Jack. Ex. Wall.) Against Propionibacterium Acnes

“…Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 11827 and clindamycin 2 µg/disc (Oxoid, Indonesia) were used for the antibacterial assay. The mature leaves were collected and powdered according to Ramadhan et al [7] in November 2021 from Guntung Manggis Village, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, and Binjai plant specimens were identified with the Latin name Mangifera caesia Jack. Ex.…”

“…The application of the LCPNs can be a solution for an alternative delivery system for topical use, especially for a natural ingredient such as Binjai as an alternative anti-acne treatment. Each part of the Binjai plant has antibacterial properties, but the leaf of Binjai has a typical compound from the xanthone group called mangiferin which has antibacterial properties against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria [7,33]. Mangiferin is a xanthone glicoside found in the genus mangifera.…”

“…Nowadays, the application of herbal extracts in modern cosmetics became very trendy. The Market share cannot deny that people require cosmetics that include mixtures of natural origin [7,8]. A lot of plant extracts have found wide applications to treat acne.…”