Paraurethral cysts are uncommonly reported in the newborn. Twenty-eight cases have been reported in the English literature until now. These lesions generally resolve spontaneously. For this reason, a conservative approach is recommended, especially in paraurethral cysts of newborn without complications and symptoms. In this paper, we describe a female neonate who had a paraurethral cyst that spontaneously resolved one month after birth and review the literature.

In the present study, morphological, micromorphological, palynological and anatomical characteristics of the genera Opopanax and Crenosciadium are reviewed and compared. The genus Opopanax is distributed in southern Europe, the Mediterranean region and Western Asia, and it is represented by three species in Turkey. Crenosciadium is a poorly known monotypic genus from Turkey, recently treated as synonym in Opopanax. Expanded descriptions, phenology, geographic distributions, and images of habitus of Opopanax and Crenosciadium are given. The differences between the two genera are discussed. The pollen morphology of Opopanax and Crenosciadium is studied by SEM and LM. The palynological results confirmed the stenopalynous characteristic of the family Apiaceae, and revealed that the pollen grains of both genera are perprolate in shape. Also fruit surface ornamentation of both genera is typically striate, and epidermal cells are polygonal or elongated in one direction. Cross-sections of mature fruits are examined and a detailed anatomical description is presented. Mericarp shape and width are very useful characters for discrimination between Opopanax and Crenosciadium; mericarp ribs are also very significant characteristics to discriminate both genera. Our findings, together with previous molecular data, clearly indicate that Crenosciadium differs considerably from Opopanax, and therefore it should be accepted at genus rank.

In this study, the effects of parameters such as substrate hardness, substrate surface roughness and stand-off distance to the coatings formation and properties of the coatings during cold spraying process were examined. For this purpose, coatings were deposited onto the copper substrate with using of commercially available copper powder. Substrate hardness of 55 HV, 107 HV and 140 HV were obtained by heat treatment and deformation hardening methods. Different substrate surface roughness was obtained by using of SiC emery papers which have different grits and stand-off distance during cold spray process was manipulated as 5, 10, 20 and 30 mm. After the production of the coatings, characterisation procedures were performed by microstructural observations which are optical and scanning electron microscope surveys, porosity concentrations, coating thickness and hardness measurement.

A new subspecies Seseli gummiferum Pall. ex Sm. subsp. ilgazense A.Duran, Ö.Çetin & M.Öztürk, subsp. nov. (Apiaceae) is described from Kastamonu province, Turkey. It was collected from the open Pinus sylvestris L. and Abies nordmanniana (Steven) É.Spach. mixed forest in the northern Anatolian region. An endemic apparently confined to the Ilgaz Mountain National Park, the new taxon is closely related to Seseli gummiferum subsp. gummiferum. Diagnostic morphological characters for closely similar taxa are discussed, and a key to the subspecies of Seseli gummiferum is presented. ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) region of the nuclear ribozomal DNA of closely related Seseli L. taxa and Pimpinella is used to constract phylogenetic tree by using BioEdit and Seaview Programme.

A new species, Globularia anatolica A. Duran, Ö. Çetin & M. Öztürk (Globulariaceae) is described and illustrated from southwest Turkey. The species grows on eroded gypsum slopes and in open Pinusbrutia Ten. forest in the Honaz Mountain National Park (C2 Denizli province). It is closely related to G. sintenisii Hausskn. & Wettst., an endemic species confined to southwest Anatolia. Diagnostic morphological characters of Globularia anatolica are discussed and presented as a key to Turkish Globularia. It is suggested that the new species should be regarded as ‘Critically Endangered’ (CR) according to the IUCN criteria. In addition, the biogeography of the Honaz Mountain is briefly outlined.

In this study the antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of the crude ethanol extract, as well as the dichloromethane and water extracts obtained from partitioning of the crude ethanol extract, of the plant Salvia cassia Samuelss ex. Rech. Fil, were determined. The extracts were screened for their total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The dichloromethane extract, which showed higher inhibition of lipid peroxidation, higher metal chelating capacity and also a higher flavonoid content than the other extracts was analyzed for its constituents. GC-MS analysis resulted in the identification of a total of 30 long chain hydrocarbons. A series of -amyrin fatty acid esters, a triterpene acid oleanolic acid, a diterpenoid manoyloxide, and two flavonoids apigenin 7, 4′-dimethyl ether and salvigenin were isolated by open column chromatography. Their structures were identified based on NMR and mass spectrometric techniques. The isolated compounds were also tested for their anticholinesterase activities. The triterpenoids as well as the water extract exhibited promising anticholinesterase activity.

Klasea is a taxonomically complex genus in which there are many problems, mostly with Klasea kotschyi and Klasea hakkiarica. It is challenging to differentiate the genera based on morphological characters alone. Revision studies performed on the basis of molecular data obtained from studies conducted in recent years have made the phylogenetic relationships and systematic positions of the taxa more apparent and reliable. In this study, Klasea, Serratula, Jurinea and Centaurea species native to Turkey, were collected from different localities of Anatolia and DNA was isolated from the collected samples. The data were analyzed ordination analyses including UPGMA and PCA using NTSYSpc 2.1. The infrageneric and intergeneric phylogenetic relationships between Klasea and other related genera were also characterized. The Klasea species were grouped into three clusters. It was determined that taxa Klasea kotschyi and Klasea hakkiarica are separate but closely related. Moreover, it was observed that the Klasea lasiocephala a separate group within the genera. Clearly the genera Klasea, Serratula, Jurinea and Centaurea are phylogenetically differentiated on the dendogram.

Abstract:The genus Rhabdosciadium Boiss. is represented by five species in the world. Three of these five species are naturally spread in Iran and the others are found in Turkey. Rhabdosciadium is represented with Rhabdosciadium microcalycinum Hand.-Mazz. and R. oligocarpum (Post ex Boiss.) Hedge & J.M.Lamond in Turkey. The comprehensive morphologic description of these two species' samples collected from Elazig and Osmaniye is made. In addition, the fruit and pollens are examined by the electron microscope (SEM) and their diagnostic characteristics are evaluated. Using the Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) as the DNA finger printing method, the molecular relationship between both of the species are examined. Also, the molecular connection of the Rhabdosciadium Boiss. species with the Echinophora L., Myrrhoides Heister ex Fabr., Chaerophyllum L. and Anthriscus Pers. genera is studied and their phylogenetic relations are shown with the dendogram. In addition to this information their distribution map is given.