No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

The composition of the essential oil of Neperu nuda L. ssp. ulbipora (Boiss.) Gams (Lamiaceae) was analysed by means of capillary GC and GC-MS. The main components, accounting for 75.1% of the oil, were 4aa,7a,7aa-nepetalactone (37.5%) and 4aa,7~,7afhepetalactone (37.6%). The sesquiterpene fraction amounted to 14.2% and was dominated by caryophyllene oxide (4.4%). EXPERIMENTAL Plant MaterialThe leaves and flowering tops of Nepeta nuda ssp. albiflora were collected in July 1994 near &el in southern Turkey. A voucher specimen was deposited in the Herbarium of Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy (AEF 19147). Isolation of the Essential OilThe essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation for 3 h in a Clevenger-type apparatus. The yield of the oil was 1.1%. based on the dry weight of the sample.Gas Chromatography GC analyses were performed using a Shimadzu GC 14A gas chromatograph with an OV-1 fused silica column (25 m x 0.25 mm i.d., film thickness 0.24 pm) and SE-52 fused silica column (50 m x 0.32 mm i.d., f i l m thickness 0.29 pm). Oven temperature was held at 40°C for 4 min, programmed to 5OoC at a rate of 2"C/min, then held at 50°C for 10 min and programmed to 270°C at a rate of 2"Umin. Injector and detector (FID) temperatures were kept at 250°C. Split ratio was 1:30. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry GC-MS analysis were camed out with an HP 5890-VG Zabspec GC-MS system on an OV-1 fused silica column (30 m x 0.32 mm id.). Oven temperature was as above; transfer line temperature 220°C; ion source temperature 200°C; carrier gas helium; splitting ratio 1:40; ionization energy 70 eV; trap current 200 PA; scan range 50-700 amu; scan time 2 s.

Macro and micromorphological properties of intact and mature seeds of 12 taxa (species and varieties) belonging to Nigella L. (Ranunculaceae) was investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. Material studied covers 11 species of 15 Turkish Nigella. Studied taxa were divided into two types. Type I has ovate to orbicular seeds that includes four species. Type II has triquedrous seeds and includes seven species. Type II was subdivided into two. Type IIa has triquedrous to subpyramidal seeds (five species) and Type IIb has triquedrous to subglobose seeds (two species). Further segregation was performed micromorphologically and an identification key of studied Nigella taxa was given. Studied Nigella taxa have a diverse macro and micromorphological characters that utilize to separate them from each other to assess the systematics of Nigella.

The chemical composition of the essential oil of N. nuda L. ssp. nuda (Lamiaceae) was examined by capillary GC and GC±MS methods. The main components of the oil were b-caryophyllene oxide (21.8%), spathulenol (13.8%), allo-aromadendrene (9.0%) and b-caryophyllene (5.4%). Nepetalactones were not found.

ABSTRACT:The antibacterial, antifungal and antimycobacterial effects of ethanolic extracts obtained from aerial parts and roots of five Vincetoxicum taxa (V. canescens subsp. canescens, V. canescens subsp. pedunculata, V. parviflorum, V. fuscatum subsp. fuscatum and V. fuscatum subsp. boissieri) were tested against two Gram (+) bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis), three Gram (-) bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii and Aeromonas hydrophila), three fungal strains (Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis by using the broth dilution method. Ethambutol, Isoniazid, Ampicillin and Fluconazole were used as reference antimicrobial agents. All tested extracts showed significant antibacterial activity against A. baumannii with MIC values ranging from 31.25 to 62.5 µg/ml when compared to reference drug Ampicillin with 125 µg/ml MIC value. Moreover, the extracts obtained from aerial parts of V. fuscatum subsp. boissieri and roots of V. canescens subsp. pedunculata were found the most effective extracts against A. baumannii with 31.25 µg/ml MIC value.