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In this work, the detailed NMR studies and full (13)C NMR assignments for five diterpenoids isolated from Sideritis caesarea and Sideritis athoa are described. The assignments are based on a combination of 1D and 2D NMR techniques including (1)H, (13)C, (1)H-(1)H COSY, gHSQC [(1)J(C,H)] and gHMBCδ(C) [(n)J(C,H)(n=2 and 3)] and NOESY experiments.

A new ursane-type triterpenoid, 3 beta,11 alpha,21 alpha-trihydroxyurs-12-ene, named salvistamineol (1), has been isolated from the methanol extract of Salvia staminea. In addition to 1, the methanol extract yielded four known compounds and the acetone extract yielded twelve known compounds consisting of two sesquiterpenes, six diterpenoids, a triterpenoid, two steroids and one flavone. DNA damaging properties of the extracts and some isolated diterpenes were investigated against three yeasts and only taxodione gave a positive response and also showed the highest cytotoxic activity against a panel of cell lines among the investigated compounds in this study.

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In this study the antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of the crude ethanol extract, as well as the dichloromethane and water extracts obtained from partitioning of the crude ethanol extract, of the plant Salvia cassia Samuelss ex. Rech. Fil, were determined. The extracts were screened for their total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The dichloromethane extract, which showed higher inhibition of lipid peroxidation, higher metal chelating capacity and also a higher flavonoid content than the other extracts was analyzed for its constituents. GC-MS analysis resulted in the identification of a total of 30 long chain hydrocarbons. A series of -amyrin fatty acid esters, a triterpene acid oleanolic acid, a diterpenoid manoyloxide, and two flavonoids apigenin 7, 4′-dimethyl ether and salvigenin were isolated by open column chromatography. Their structures were identified based on NMR and mass spectrometric techniques. The isolated compounds were also tested for their anticholinesterase activities. The triterpenoids as well as the water extract exhibited promising anticholinesterase activity.