The main factors determining the change of the ecological situation in the zone of salinized compact chernozems distribution are the hydrological state, waterlogging, water erosion and the use of chemical crop products. In order to prevent further progress in the degradation of these lands, a number of activities are required. The most important task is to ensure the expanded reproduction of soil fertility. Its solution suggests the systematic application of fertilizers. A great advantage on saline soils should be given to organic fertilizers in order to maintain stocks of humus. The value of humus in their composition increases even more due to the fact that it reduces the possible negative impact on plants of some components of the mineral part of the soil, improves its water-physical properties. Humus limits the leaching of nitrogen caused by uncontrolled mineralization, increases the filtering and buffering effect of the soil and groundwater. In the intensive farming system, a deficit-free humus balance can be observed by combining the use of organic and mineral fertilizers. At the same time, the use of higher doses of them leads to pollution of the soil, plants and the environment. Therefore, the use of fertilizers should be carried out taking into account the biological needs of plants and specific soil conditions. On saline soils, due to a significant reduction in plant growth parameters and the biomass formed by them, the removal of nutrients in the composition of the primary and secondary crop significantly decreases. In addition, they are characterized by relatively high osmotic potential, which may further increase due to the application of higher doses of fertilizers. Therefore, in these conditions, moderate and small doses of mineral fertilizers are effective, and they meet the needs of plants and the interests of the soil ecology.
The article presents the results of water erosion monitoring, which was carried out in 2015 on the territory of the agricultural landscapes of the Stavropol Territory using the methods of the Earth's remote sensing and geo-information technologies. A digital elevation model was taken as a basis and watercourses were modeled in the study area. As a result of the imposition, the received model and the identified erosion processes, and their coincidence was established in individual areas, which indicates their high degree of erosion hazard, a total of 382326 hectares of such territories were identified. In these territories, the existing anti-erosion carcass is either completely destroyed or ineffective. In this regard, it is necessary to conduct an inventory of forest shelter strips to assess their effectiveness and develop measures for erosion control of the territory. Different types of degradation in varying degrees reduce the productivity of agricultural crops. Salinity and alkalinity decrease it by 55 % to the greatest extent, water erosion-19 %, deflation-13 %, waterlogging-6 %. It has been established that water erosion as a whole along the region by 2026 can lead to a loss of 700 thousand tons of grain of the main crop in the region, winter wheat. Modern technologies, such as space imagery and GIS technologies, allow for effective and efficient detection and analysis of erosion-hazards. The combination of high-resolution remote sensing and medium resolution data has shown maximum efficiency for analyzing the development of linear water erosion processes. The development of a comprehensive program of anti-erosion measures will allow to reach up to 10 % of the future harvest in the Stavropol Territory.
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