Environmental condition of saline compact soils of the Central Pre-Caucasian region and its sanitation

Abstract

The main factors determining the change of the ecological situation in the zone of salinized compact chernozems distribution are the hydrological state, waterlogging, water erosion and the use of chemical crop products. In order to prevent further progress in the degradation of these lands, a number of activities are required. The most important task is to ensure the expanded reproduction of soil fertility. Its solution suggests the systematic application of fertilizers. A great advantage on saline soils should be given to organic fertilizers in order to maintain stocks of humus. The value of humus in their composition increases even more due to the fact that it reduces the possible negative impact on plants of some components of the mineral part of the soil, improves its water-physical properties. Humus limits the leaching of nitrogen caused by uncontrolled mineralization, increases the filtering and buffering effect of the soil and groundwater. In the intensive farming system, a deficit-free humus balance can be observed by combining the use of organic and mineral fertilizers. At the same time, the use of higher doses of them leads to pollution of the soil, plants and the environment. Therefore, the use of fertilizers should be carried out taking into account the biological needs of plants and specific soil conditions. On saline soils, due to a significant reduction in plant growth parameters and the biomass formed by them, the removal of nutrients in the composition of the primary and secondary crop significantly decreases. In addition, they are characterized by relatively high osmotic potential, which may further increase due to the application of higher doses of fertilizers. Therefore, in these conditions, moderate and small doses of mineral fertilizers are effective, and they meet the needs of plants and the interests of the soil ecology.

Influence of saline soils and mineral fertilizers on the germination and formation of sunflower seeds

“…seed swelling and germination. High salt concentrations in the field cause the death of a large percentage of seedlings, which leads to their thinning [1,2].…”