Our review did not find evidence supporting a substantial role of MMSE as a stand-alone single-administration test in the identification of MCI patients who could develop dementia. Clinicians could prefer to request additional and extensive tests to be sure about the management of these patients. An important aspect to assess in future updates is if conversion to dementia from MCI stages could be predicted better by MMSE changes over time instead of single measurements. It is also important to assess if a set of tests, rather than an isolated one, may be more successful in predicting conversion from MCI to dementia.

BackgroundDementia is a progressive global cognitive impairment syndrome. In 2010, more than 35 million people worldwide were estimated to be living with dementia. Some people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) will progress to dementia but others remain stable or recover full function. There is great interest in finding good predictors of dementia in people with MCI. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is the best known and the most often used short screening tool for providing an overall measure of cognitive impairment in clinical, research and community settings.

Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for the early detection of dementia in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Background Dementia is a progressive global cognitive impairment syndrome. In 2010, more than 35 million people worldwide were estimated to be living with dementia. Some people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) will progress to dementia but others remain stable or recover full function. There is great interest in finding good predictors of dementia in people with MCI. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is the best-known and the most often used short screening tool for providing an DTA 20 Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for the detection of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias in people...

Introducción: El MoCA-Test, es un instrumento breve de tamizaje, utilizado para la detección de cambios cognoscitivos en adultos mayores. Diferentes validaciones han demostrado que es un instrumento sensible y específico, para detectar el deterioro cognoscitivo leve, con puntos de corte que varían según las diferentes poblaciones estudiadas. Objetivo: Evaluar la confiabilidad y validez discriminante del MoCA-test, en un grupo de adultos de Bogotá, con diferentes escolaridades. Material y Métodos: Se evaluaron 1174 adultos mayores de 50 años, autónomos de las diferentes localidades de Bogotá, por medio de la aplicación del MoCA-Test y el MMSE. Los sujetos con puntajes

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The low prevalence of dementia described in communities is likely due to the low sensitivity of screening tests and an absence of evaluation by specialists.OBJECTIVE:To estimate the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in adults older than 50 years.METHODS:A two-phase, cross-sectional study was conducted by specialists to evaluate cognition and associated demographic risk factors in 1,235 independent community-dwelling adults from Bogotá. In Phase I, screening was performed using the MMSE and MoCA tests. In Phase II, after application of a comprehensive neuropsychological battery with neurologic and psychiatric evaluations, a cognitive diagnosis was established by consensus.RESULTS:The prevalence found for MCI was 34% and for dementia was 23%. MCI was associated with incomplete high school, OR=1.74 (95%CI=1.23-2.45), and with an age of 70-79 years, OR=1.93 (95%CI=1.47-2.53). A total of 73% of MCI cases were amnestic. Dementia was associated with incomplete primary education, OR=8.98 (95%CI=5.56-14.54), complete primary education, OR=6.23 (95%CI=3.70-10.47), and age older than eighty years, OR=3.49 (95%CI=2.23-5.44).CONCLUSION:The prevalence of dementia found was greater than the rates reported in previous studies. Low educational level was the main risk factor for cognitive impairment and should be considered in strategic planning for the local health system.

Alzheimer's disease dementia (AD dementia) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases worldwide, with a growing incidence during the last decades. Clinical diagnosis of cognitive impairment and presence of AD biomarkers have become important issues for early and adequate treatment. We performed a systematic literature search and quality appraisal of AD dementia guidelines, published between 2005 and 2011, which contained diagnostic recommendations on AD dementia. We also analyzed diagnostic recommendations related to the use of brief cognitive tests, neuropsychological evaluation, and AD biomarkers. Of the 537 retrieved references, 15 met the selection criteria. We found that Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE)-II domains such as applicability and editorial independence had the lowest scores. The wide variability on assessment of quality of evidence and strength of recommendations were the main concerns identified regarding diagnostic testing. Although the appropriate methodology for clinical practice guideline development is well known, the quality of diagnostic AD dementia guidelines can be significantly improved.