Daun malaka (Phyllanthus emblica L.) mempunyai potensi digunakan sebagai alternatif obat antidiabetes. Daun malaka menunjukkan efek hipoglikemia pada tikus yang diinduksi aloksan. Namun, mekanisme kerjanya belum diketahui pasti. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam rangka skrining mekanisme kerja daun malaka sebagai antidiabetes. Skrining mekanisme kerja dilakukan terhadap fraksi air daun malaka melalui uji aktivitas inhibisi enzim α-glukosidase serta α-amilase secara in vitro dan pengujian aktivitas insulin-sensitizer terhadap ekstrak daun malaka dengan metode tes toleransi insulin secara in vivo. Fraksi air daun malaka menunjukkan aktivitas inhibisi terhadap enzim α-glukosidase serta α-amilase dengan nilai IC50 (Inhibitor Concentration 50) pada kedua enzim tersebut berturut-turut adalah 0,87% dan 8,64% b/v. Pada uji aktivitas insulin sensitizer, pemberian ekstrak daun malaka dapat meningkatkan sensitivitas insulin pada tikus diabet dengan kondisi resistensi insulin. Nilai KTTI pada kelompok tikus diabet yang diberi ekstrak daun malaka dosis 100 dan 500 mg/kgbb tikus (74,89 dan 75,57) lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok tikus diabet (38,41) dan kadar glukosa darah yang lebih rendah selama interval waktu pengukuran. Daun malaka telah diketahui mampu meningkatkan sekresi insulin dan pada penelitian ini menunjukkan aktivitas inhibisi enzim α-glukosidase serta α-amilase secara in vitro dan menunjukkan aktivitas insulinsensitizer pada tikus diabet dengan kondisi resistensi insulin. Malaka leaf (Phyllanthus emblica L.) has the potential to be used as an alternative antidiabetic drug. Malacca leaves showed hypoglycemia effect in rat induced by alloxan. However, the mechanism of action is not yet known. This study was conducted to evaluate the mechanism of action of Malaka leaves as antidiabetic. Screening of the mechanism of action was carried out on the water fraction of Malaka leaf byinhibitory activity examination on α-glucosidase and α-amylase by in vitro studyand Evaluation of insulin-sensitizer activity of Maaka leaf leaf extract was conducted by invivo insulin tolerance test method. Malaka leaf water fraction showed inhibitory activity against the α-glucosidase and α-amylase with IC50 values (Inhibitory Concentration 50) of0.87% and 8.64% b / v on both enzyme, respectively. The evaluation of insulin sensitizer revelead that administration ofMalaka leaf extract can increase insulin sensitivity in diabetic rat with insulin resistance.KTTI values in diabetic rats given malaka extract at the dose of 100 and 500 mg / kg BW (74.89 and 75.57) were higher than diabetics rat (38.41) and the extract also decrease blood glucose levels during measurement time intervals . Malaka leafhas been known to increase insulin secretion and the study showedthe inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase and α-amylase by in vitro study and showed insulinsensitizer activity in diabetic rat with insulin resistance.
Amla plant (Phyllanthus emblica L) has been empirically used to treat diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the most potential part of amla plant that can be used as α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitors. The fruit was subjected to cold extraction method, while the stem underwent soxhlet extraction process. Ethanol was used as solvent for both extracts. In-vitro inhibiton against α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzyme was measured by calculating IC 50 of water fractions of stem and fruits. Fruit fraction exhibited the highest percentage of inhibitory activity on α-amylase (IC 50 =5.68% w/v), while the strongest inhibition against α-glucosidase was shown by leaves fraction (IC 50 =0.87% w/v). In conclusion, the stem of P. emblica L was potential inhibitor of α-amylase , while the leaves was potential α-glucosidase inhibitor.
Objective: Study described the screening potential antidiabetic activity of kabau seed extract and fraction. Methods: The powdered crude drugs weighing 1349.32 grams were extracted with a solvent with solvents with escalating polarity by using soxhletation. The solvents used were n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 96% ethanol. Screening activity using three variations on doses on the three extracts using the glucose test tolerance method, then the alloxan induction and high-fat feed induction testing methods using selected doses, decreasing blood glucose levels using the GOD PAP enzyme and decreasing MDA levels and increased levels of the enzyme SOD. Extracts that have potential antidiabetic activity are fractionated using liquid-solid fractionation; then the fraction is screened for antidiabetic activity using the glucose test tolerance method. Results: Screening for antidiabetic activity on the three extracts using the glucose test tolerance method showed that the ethanol extract at a dose of 250 mg/kg BW. The three extracts were then screened for the next mechanism using the alloxan induction method and high-fat feed induction, the decrease in blood sugar levels by the GOD-PAP method showed a good decrease in the ethanol extract by 202.94±2 mg/dl, the three extracts showed good less significant, in the SOD enzyme method, the ethanol extract gave a good value such as the positive control value. Testing on fraction can decrease in blood sugar; the results showed that the ethanol extract and methanol fraction gave a small AUC 0-150 (32695,3 and 33167,71), where the value was close to the result of the glibenclamide 30238,48. Conclusion: The antidiabetic activity of the extract showed that the ethanol extract was better with the glucose test tolerance method, with alloxan induction animal models and high-fat feed induction. In the methanol fraction derived from 96% ethanol extract, it provides a good reduction in blood sugar levels in the screening method with a glucose test tolerance
Objective: This study describes the potential antidiabetic activity of ethanol extracts of Kabau leaves (Archidendron bubalinum) Methods: Extraction was done using the maceration method with 96% ethanol as solvent. The simplicia and extracts were characterized, screened for phytochemicals using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Blood glucose levels were examined by GOD-PAP enzymatic method. Wistar rat was induced by alloxan (120 mg/kg BW i. p) to hyperglycemic condition, the dose variations of Kabau leaves extract i. e 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg BW (p. o). The data was statistically tested using one-way ANOVA with a confidence level of (p<0.05). Results: The phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, steroids, and triterpenoids, saponins. TLC showed that the extract contained spots (Rf 0.45) which are suspected to be flavone glycosides, biflavonyls, and unusually substituted flavones. Phenolic compounds (Rf 0.225; 0.25; 0.325 and 0.45) were characterized by a color change to blackish green after being sprayed with FeCl3. Saponin glycoside compounds (Rf 0.57) were characterized by the presence of purple spots after being sprayed with vanillin sulfate. Test animals in all test groups experienced hyperglycemia (>126 mg/dl) and a significant increase in blood glucose levels compared to the control group. MDA levels in test animals given a dose of 1000 mg/kg BW was 0.024±0.003. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of Kabau leaves can reduce blood glucose levels in hyperglycemic rats by 33% at a dose of 1000 mg/kg BW. The results of one-way ANOVA (p<0.05) and Measurement of MDA levels in test animals was 0.024±0.003.
Glaukoma merupakan penyakit gangguan mata yang dapat menyebabkan kebutaan. Penyakit ini ditandai dengan terjadinya peningkatan tekanan intraokular. Modalitas terapi yang ada saat ini diantaranya obat yang dapat menurunkan tekanan intraokular dan kebanyakan diberikan melalui rute topikal. Telur keong mas (<em>Pomea canaliculata</em>) diketahui mengandung flavonoid dan pigmen karoten yang berpotensi mampu menurunkan tekanan intraokular. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui adanya aktivitas antiglaukoma serbuk telur keong mas pada model tikus glaukoma. Telur keong mas diperas kemudian dikeringkan di dalam oven pada suhu 50<sup>o</sup>C selama 24 jam hingga terbentuk serbuk. Tikus dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok kontrol yaitu normal, glaukoma, obat (asetazolamid 22,5 mg/kg), dan 1 kelompok uji yaitu serbuk telur keong mas 500 mg/kg. Induksi glaukoma dilakukan pada semua hewan uji menggunakan prednisolon asetat 1% kecuali kelompok kontrol normal. Tekanan intraokular diukur menggunakan tonometer <em>schiotz </em>dan dijadikan parameter untuk menilai aktivitas antiglaukoma dari bahan uji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian asetazolamid dan serbuk telur keong mas mampu menurunkan tekanan intraokular, berturut-turut sebesar 51,46±8,1 dan 31,93±12,27%. Serbuk telur keong mas <em>Pomacea canaliculata </em>memiliki aktivitas antiglaukoma melalui efek penurunan tekanan intraokular namun potensinya masih lebih kecil dibandingkan asetazolamid.
Phyllanthus emblica is empirically used to treat various diseases. Chemical compounds in this plant includes benzene derivatives, diterpen and monoterpen, furanolacton, flavonoids and sterols. The purpose of this research is to investigate anti-hyperglycemic activity of P. emblica. The diabetic animal model was obtained by administration of alloxan 120 mg/kg BW intraperitonial. The rats were divided into 9 groups, i.e., normal group, negative control (1% CMC), positive control (glibenclamide 0.5 mg/kg BW) and P. emblica leaves and bark ethanol extract at the dose of 500, 750, and 1000 mg/kg BW. Determination of flavonoid content was performed through colorimetric method using UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 425 nm. After 7 days of induction, the entire group was treated for 21 days, fasting blood glucose was performed on days 0, 1, 8, 15 and 22. Then the data of fasting blood glucose level in mice was treated with one way ANOVA analysis and advanced test with post hoc Least Significant Differences (LSD) method. The percentage of the blood glucose decrease from the animal treated with leaves extract at doses of 500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg BW, respectively, were 22.47%; 21.03%; and 24.52%, while those of bark extract were 32.19%; 31.61%; and 37.24%, respectively. Determination of total flavonoid level showed that the highest amount of flavonoids was observed in leaves (35.838 mg/g Quercetin). In conclusion, P. emblica bark and leaves showed anti-hyperglycemic activity. Keywords: anti-hyperglycemic, alloxan, Phyllanthus emblica, Wistar
Buah malaka (Phyllanthus emblica L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman potensial yang dapat digunakan untuk mencegah prognosis buruk penyakit diabetes melitus. Akan tetapi, potensi tersebut belum diketahui jelas mekanismenya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui aktivitas insulin-sensitizer ekstrak etanol buah malaka dalam rangka karakterisasi mekanisme kerja dalam mengendalikan kadar glukosa darah pada penyakit diabetes melitus. Secara acak, 18 tikus jantan galur Wistar dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok (n=3). Kelompok kontrol tikus normal, kontrol tikus resitensi insulin, kontrol positif (metformin 45 mg/kgbb) dan 3 kelompok dosis ekstrak etanol buah malaka 100, 500 dan 1000 mg/kgbb. Induksi resistensi insulin dilakukan dengan cara pemberian emulsi tinggi lemak pada masing-masing kelompok selama 21 hari, kecuali kelompok kontrol tikus normal. Tes toleransi insulin dilakukan pada hari ke 22 untuk menilai aktivitas insulin-sensitizer setelah pemberian perlakuan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan terjadinya peningkatan sensitivitas insulin yang signifikan pada semua kelompok tikus yang diberi ekstrak etanol buah malaka (p≤0,05), dinilai dengan cara membandingkan nilai konstanta tes toleransi insulin (K TTI ) kelompok perlakuan terhadap kelompok tikus resistensi insulin. Nilai K TTI pada ketiga kelompok dosis ekstrak etanol buah malaka lebih besar dibandingkan kelompok kontrol tikus resistensi insulin, berturut-turut nilainya adalah 70,29; 76,14; 77,55 dan 38,41. Ekstrak etanol buah malaka menunjukkan aktivitas insulin-sensitizer pada tikus jantan galur Wistar yang diinduksi resistensi insulin menggunakan diet emulsi tinggi lemak.
ABSTRACT Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the world. One of many strategies for controlling intraocular pressure to prevent blindness due to glaucoma is by inhibiting the production and/or increasing drainage of fluid in the eyeball. One of the potential natural remedies for such control is pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and aloe vera (Aloe vera L.). This study aimed to evaluate the activity of lowering intraocular pressure of pomegranate and Aloe vera combination ethanol extracts in rats with ocular hypertension. Pomegranate and aloe vera were extracted by maceration method using 70% ethanol. Thirty rats were randomly divided into six groups, namely normal control group, rats with ocular hypertension control, drug control (acetazolamide 25 mg/kg BW p.o), pomegranate extract 500 mg/kg BW p.o, Aloe vera extract 500 mg/kg BW p.o, and extract combination p.o (each extract 500 mg/kg BW). Induction of ocular hypertension was performed by administering twelvedrops of 1% prednisolone acetate to the right eye. Intraocular pressure was measured using the schiotz tonometer before induction, after induction, and one hour after treatment. The combination of pomegranate and aloe vera extract given to rats with ocular hypertension showed a better potential to reduce intraocular pressure than a single administration of each extract, the percentage of reduction in intraocular pressure was 33.6±9.1%, 28.2±13.8%, and 29.9±8.1%, respectively. However, the combination of the two extracts did not show additive or synergistic effects and the potential of reducing intraocular pressure was lower than the acetazolamide drug. Keywords: Intraocular pressure, pomegranate, Aloe vera ABSTRAK Glaukoma merupakan penyebab kebutaan terbanyak ke dua di dunia. Strategi pengendalian tekanan intraokular untuk mencegah kebutaan akibat glaukoma dapat dilakukan dengan cara menghambat produksi dan atau melancarkan drainase cairan dalam bola mata. Salah satu sumber bahan baku alami yang potensial untuk pengendalian tersebut adalah buah delima (Punica granatum L.) dan lidah buaya (Aloe vera L.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji potensi efek penurunan tekanan intraokular kombinasi buah delima dan lidah buaya pada tikus yang mengalami hipertensi okular. Buah delima dan lidah buaya diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 70%. Secara acak, 30 ekor tikus dibagi kedalam 6 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol normal, kontrol tikus yang mengalami hipertensi okular, kontrol obat (asetazolamid 25 mg/kgBB p.o), ekstrak buah delima 500 mg/kgBB p.o, ekstrak lidah buaya 500 mg/kgBB p.o., kombinasi ekstrak p.o (masing – masing ekstrak 500 mg/kgBB). Induksi hipertensi okular dilakukan dengan pemberian 12 tetes prednisolon asetat 1% pada mata kanan. Tekanan intraokular diukur menggunakan tonomoter schiotz sebelum induksi, setelah induksi dan satu jam setelah pemberian perlakuan. Kombinasi ekstrak buah delima dan lidah buaya yang diberikan pada tikus yang mengalami hipertensi okular menunjukkan potensi yang lebih baik dalam menurunkan tekanan intraokular dibandingkan pemberian tunggal masing–masing ekstrak, persentase penurunan tekanan intra okular berturut-turut 33,6±9,1%, 28,2±13,8% dan 29,9±8,1%. Namun, pemberian kombinasi kedua ekstrak tersebut tidak menunjukkan efek aditif ataupun sinergis serta potensi dalam menurunkan tekanan intraokular masih dibawah obat asetazolamid. Kata kunci: Tekanan intraokular, buah delima, lidah buaya
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