Early Childhood Education has an important role in the development of a child. When talking about Early Childhood Education quality is the most critical, especially during the Covid-19 Pandemic as it is today and coincides with the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 where the education system underwent drastic changes. This study aims to (1) produce an Early Childhood Education application based on android; (2) test the effectiveness of the Early Childhood Education application. The development of the Android-based PAUDPEDIA application will be carried out using the 4D Model Research and Development method proposed by Thiagarajan and Semmel. This research and development are divided into four stages, namely define, design, develop, and disseminate. The results of this study indicate that researchers can achieve the expected output targets, namely (1) the results of the expert trial of the Android-based PAUDPEDIA Application showed a percentage of 86.7%. This means that the Android-based PAUDPEDIA Application is very feasible to be distributed to users and ready to use; while the results of user trials on the Android-based PAUDPEDIA application showed a percentage of 86.2%. This means that the Android-based PAUDPEDIA Application is effective for use by users; and (2) the Android-based PAUDPEDIA application is effective to be used to facilitate distance education activities in Early Childhood Education. It can be concluded that the Android-based PAUDPEDIA application is very suitable for use by users and is effectively used for distance education activities in PAUD, especially during the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Abstract— The This study aims to design a motor skill training tool for children using sensor-based agility components in pgysical education learning. This study uses a research and development design. the materials used are Arduino, Connector, LED, Sensor tool, Power button, and Tool cover.  After the product design is made, Collecting research data by conducting direct interviews with experts. it will then be validated by a competent expert. In this study, we asked for validation from three experts, namely: (1) evaluation and exercise evaluation (2) instrumentation physicist (3) motor skills expert. Collecting research data by conducting direct interviews with experts. Based on the expert validation test, the design of skill training tools using sensor-based agility components gets effective results, so that they can be used to carry out motor skills exercises. The importance of motor skills as the basis for every child's active life, with the help of tools to help children to encourage themselves to practice, Design of motor skills training tools with sensor-based agility components has the potential and effectiveness to train children's motor skills.

This study aims to provide information about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's motor skills so that they can anticipate the prevention of motor skills decline and efforts to promote children's health behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study uses a literature review method using a comprehensive strategy such as searching for articles in research journal databases. The databases used are Pubmed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. The keywords used in the search were COVID-19, motor skills, sports, movement and children. There were 20 articles obtained, and 7 articles were analyzed through the purpose, suitability of the topic, sample size, research protocol, and the results of each article. The results of this study explain that the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in decreased motor skills due to children's activities at home such as increased sleeping habits, increased eating habits, increased screen time. Thus the role of parents is very important to maintain children's motor skills during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Abstract— This study aims to develop an Arduino-based Sit Up test measuring instrument and an Ultrasonic sensor with an Android application, with the hope of providing effectiveness and efficiency in calculating Sit Up tests with more accurate calculation results. This type of research is Research and development. Research and development methods are research methods used to produce certain products, and test the effectiveness of the products. The development of the Sit Up test measuring instrument was first validated by electrical experts and measurement test experts. After that, it was continued with a small group test of 10 people and a large group test of 20 people. The results of the study obtained validity from electrical experts with an assessment percentage of 88.8% or in the "Good/Decent" category and the validity of test and measurement experts with an assessment percentage of 94% or in the "Good/Decent" category. Furthermore, the reliability test results obtained a small group value of 0.995 or in the "Very Strong" category and a large group of 0.996 or in the "Very Strong" category. Thus, it can be concluded that the Arduino-based Sit Up test measuring instrument and the Ultrasonic sensor with the Android application are declared suitable for use for the Sit Up test in producing more accurate calculations.

This study aims to analyze the acute effect of omega 3 supplementation on serum TNF-α levels, pain intensity, and muscle strength after high-intensity weight training. A total of 20 adult males with a BMI of 18.00-24.99 were enrolled in this study. Subjects were divided into 2 groups, namely (K1) with placebo and (K2) with omega 3 supplementation with a dose of 1000 mg (540 mg EPA and 360 mg DHA). The intervention was carried out 24 hours after high-intensity weight training. The data in this study were taken before and after the intervention. Measurement of serum TNF-α levels using a human ELISA kit, measurement of pain intensity using visual analog scale (VAS), measuring muscle strength using a leg dynamometer. The data analysis technique is used if the data is normally distributed, namely Paired t-test and Independent t-test, if the data has not normally distributed the analysis used is the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Omega 3 supplementation significantly reduced serum TNF-α levels (p-0.035), significantly reduced pain levels (p-0.007), and did not significantly decrease the strength (p-0.100). Omega 3 supplementations can reduce serum TNF-α levels, pain intensity, and omega 3 supplementations can maintain muscle strength after high-intensity weight training as evidenced by the absence of a significant decrease in muscle strength after high-intensity weight training.

This study aims to analyze and prove the effect of curcumin on pain intensity and ROM during EIMD. This experimental study used a pre and post-control group design. Research subjects were selected using a purposive sampling technique and then the subjects were divided into 2 groups, namely the group given a placebo and the group was given curcumin at a dose of 400 mg. A total of 24 healthy men aged between 20-30 years participated in this study. On the first day, all subjects took data on the characteristics of research subjects, then warmed up. Then the subjects did the high-intensity physical exercise in the form of squad and leg press exercises with an intensity of 80-90% of maximum ability. The exercise was carried out in 4 sets for each form of exercise and rest between sets for about 1 minute. On the second day, after 24 hours the subject took pre-test data to measure pain intensity and ROM, then the intervention was given based on each group. On the third day, after 24 hours the subject took post-test data to measure pain intensity and ROM. Measurement of pain intensity using the Visual Analytical Scale (VAS) and measurement of ROM performed in the knee joint using a goniometer. After the data was obtained, the data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 26 application. The results of this study reported that the group given curcumin during EIMD was able to significantly reduce pain intensity (*p<0.05) compared to the group given a placebo. Furthermore, the group given curcumin during EIMD was able to increase ROM significantly (*p<0.05) compared to the placebo group. We believe that the main cause of muscle soreness is the uncontrolled increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-a and IL-6 during EIMD and then decreased ROM for several days after exercise. Since pain intensity and ROM are needed to support body functions, we highly recommend the use of curcumin, which has many positive benefits for sports enthusiasts to support physical performance. Keywords: Curcumin, Pain Intensity, Range of Motion, Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage, Inflammation

The study purpose was to prove the effectiveness of a low-impact aerobic dance exercise video on cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, and concentration in women with a sedentary lifestyle. Materials and methods. This study used the Pre-Experimental method with a One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design research design. Total of 18 females aged 18–20 y.o., body mass index (BMI) 19 kg/m2 – 24 kg/m2, normal systolic and diastolic blood pressure, normal resting heart rate, oxygen saturation (SpO2) 96% – 100% participated in the research. Low-impact aerobic dance exercise was done using video for 30 minutes/exercise session with an intensity of 75% – 85% HRmax with a frequency of 3 times/week for 6 weeks. Measurement of cardiovascular endurance was done using the Multi-Stage 20-m Shuttle Run Fitness Test, flexibility was measured with the Sit and Reach Test, and concentration was meassured with the Grid Concentration Test. The statistical analysis technique used the Paired Sample T-Test with a significance level of 5%. Results. The results showed the average cardiovascular endurance of the pretest vs. posttest (28.13 ± 4.80 vs. 30.52 ± 0.88 mL/kg/min (p ≤ 0.001)), mean flexibility of pretest vs. posttest (17.79 ± 4.72 vs. 18.75 ± 5.02 cm (p ≤ 0.001)), mean concentration of pretest vs. posttest (7.39 ± 2.38 vs. 9.11 ± 2.45 score (p ≤ 0.001)). Conclusions. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that a low-impact aerobic exercise dance video performed with a frequency of 3 times/week for 6 weeks increased cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, and concentration in adolescent girls with a sedentary lifestyle.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze and prove the effect of curcumin on NF-kB, TNF-a levels, and pain intensity after high-intensity physical exercise. Method This experimental study used a pre and post-control group design. Research subjects were selected using a purposive sampling technique and then the subjects were divided into 2 groups, namely group (K1) with placebo administration and group (K2) with 400 mg dose of curcumin. A total of 20 healthy men aged between 20-30 years participated in this study. On the first day, all subjects took data on the characteristics of research subjects, then warmed up, and then the subjects did a high-intensity physical exercise in the form of squad and leg press exercises with an intensity of 80-90% of maximum abilities. The exercise was carried out in 4 sets for each form of exercise and rest between sets for about 1 minute. On the second day, after 24 hours, all subjects measured pain intensity and took pre-test blood samples, then were given interventions based on their respective groups. On the third day, after 24 hours, all subjects took pain intensity measurements and took post-test blood samples. Measurement of pain intensity using the Visual Analytical Scale (VAS) and blood samples were analyzed in the laboratory using the ELISA method to examine levels of NF-kB and TNF-a. After the data was obtained, the data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 26 application. Results The results of this study reported that the group that was given curcumin after high-intensity physical exercise was able to significantly reduce levels of NF-kB, TNF-a, and pain intensity (*p<0.05) compared to the placebo group. Conclusions We believe that the main cause of muscle soreness is the uncontrolled increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines after high-intensity physical exercise. Since the reduction in pain intensity after high-intensity exercise is necessary to support bodily functions, we highly recommend the use of curcumin which has many positive benefits for exercisers.