In this study, carbon dots synthesized from bamboo leaf cellulose were used simultaneously as a staining agent and for doxorubicin delivery to target cancer cells.

Investigation of the effect of nitrogen, boron, sulphur, and phosphor as doping elements on carbon dots, where boron-carbon dots performed good potential for bioimaging application with best optical properties and specific targeting features.

Background: Oral health problems may have numerous effects on general health, including physical fitness and performance. In this review, we aimed to systematically review the available evidence to assess the effect of oral health on general physical fitness. Methods: We systematically performed a literature search in two different databases (PUBMED and EMBASE) without restriction to the year of publication. Articles were included if the subjects were humans and the primary aim was to assess the effects of dental and/or oral health problems on physical activity using either objective physical measurements or physical performance tests. The quality of the studies was then assessed using a Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal tool. Results: A total of 2651 articles were initially retrieved from the systematic search of the literature. Of these, a final total of 11 articles following the inclusion criteria were included in the review. All of the 11 articles included in the review had good methodological quality. Of the 11 articles, ten articles suggested a correlation between dental and oral condition toward physical fitness, body balance, cardiorespiratory function, and also cognitive function. Only one article found contradictory results, which showed that periodontal conditions did not correlate with the cardiorespiratory function. Malocclusion, including the number of remaining teeth, was reported in five studies (45.4%), periodontal disease was evaluated in six studies (54.5%), along with slight evaluation of periapical inflammation. Conclusion: This review suggests that there is a negative effect of poor dental and/or oral health on physical fitness and performance.

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<span class="hps"><span lang="IN">Senyawa </span></span><em><span>N</span></em><span lang="IN">-</span><span>(</span><span lang="IN">b</span><span>enzo</span><span lang="IN">i</span><span>l)-<em>N</em>’-</span><span lang="IN">f</span><span>en</span><span lang="IN">i</span><span>ltiourea</span><span lang="IN"> mempunyai </span><span>gugus</span><span lang="IN"> farmakofor yang sama dengan turunan urea yang mempunyai aktivitas antikanker</span><span>, seperti</span><span>hidroksiurea, sehingga</span><span>layak</span><span>dijadikan</span><span>senyawa</span><span>induk</span><span>untuk</span><span>dikembangkan</span><span>lebih</span><span>lanjut</span><span>melalui</span><span>modifikasi</span><span>struktur</span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN">.  </span><span>Penelitian</span><span>ini</span><span>bertujuan</span><span>untuk</span><span>memprediksi</span></span><span lang="IN">aktivitas </span><span>sitotoksik</span><span lang="IN"> dan toksisitas </span><span>dari</span><span> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">duapuluh </span></span></span><span class="hps"><span>tiga</span><span lang="IN"> senyawa </span><span>turunan</span></span><em><span lang="IN">N</span></em><span lang="IN">-(benzoil)-<em>N</em>’-feniltiourea </span><span class="hps"><span>sebagai</span><span>calon</span><span>obat</span><span>antikanker</span><span lang="IN">. </span><span lang="EN-GB">Salah satu</span><span lang="EN-GB">mekanisme</span><span lang="EN-GB">kerja</span><span lang="EN-GB">turunan</span></span><em><span lang="IN">N</span></em><span lang="IN">-(benzoil)-<em>N</em>’-feniltiourea </span><span>sebagai</span><span>antikanker</span><span> <span lang="IN">adalah </span></span><span>menghamba</span><span lang="IN">t </span><span lang="IN">VEGF</span><span>R2</span><span>,</span><span>regulator</span><span>penting</span><span>untuk proses angiogenesis, serta</span><span>sangat</span><span>berperan</span><span>untuk</span><span>pertumbuhan tumor dan metastasis.</span><span lang="IN"> Aktivitas biologis dapat diprediksi melalui pemodelan molekul yang disebut uji <em>in silico</em>, </span><span>menggunakan program </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-GB">MVD (<em>Molegro Virtual Dock</em></span><em><span lang="IN">er</span></em><span lang="EN-GB">),</span><span>s</span></span><span lang="IN">edang toksisitas </span><span>dapat</span><span lang="IN"> diprediksi menggunakan program </span><span>pkCSM</span><span>dan</span><span>Protox</span><em><span>online tool</span><span lang="IN">. </span></em><span>Uji </span><em><span lang="IN">in </span><span>silico</span></em><span> dilakukan dengan </span><span lang="IN">melakukan </span><em><span>docking</span></em><span> senyawa yang akan </span><span lang="IN">di</span><span>prediksi aktivitasnya dengan target reseptor, VEGFR2, PDB ID. 3WZE</span><span>.</span><span class="hps"><span>Hasil</span><em><span>do</span><span lang="IN">c</span><span>king</span></em><span>berupa</span><span>energi</span><span>ikatan</span></span><span>digambarkan</span><span>dengan</span><span>nilai</span><span> <em><span lang="IN">R</span></em></span><em><span>erank</span><span> <span lang="IN">S</span></span><span>core (RS).</span></em><span>S</span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN">enyawa dengan </span><span>nilai<em> RS</em></span><span lang="IN"> kecil berarti mempunyai ikatan ligan</span><span>-</span><span lang="IN">reseptor yang stabil dan diprediksi m</span><span>empunyai</span><span> <span lang="IN">aktivi</span></span><span>tas yang b</span><span lang="IN">esar<em>. </em></span><span>Dari hasil</span><span>uji</span><em><span>in silico</span></em><span>disimpulkan</span><span>bahwa</span><span>semua</span><span>turunan</span></span><em><span lang="IN">N</span></em><span lang="IN">-</span><span>(b</span><span lang="IN">enzoil</span><span>)</span><span lang="IN">-<em>N</em>’-feniltiourea </span><span>diprediksi</span><span>menimbulkan</span><span>toksisitas relatif</span><span>rendah, dan</span><span>mempunyai a</span><span lang="IN">ktivitas </span><span>s</span><span lang="IN">itotoksik</span><span> lebih</span><span>besar</span><span>dibanding</span><span>hidroksiurea, tetapi</span><span>masih</span><span>lebih</span><span>rendah</span><span>dibanding</span><span>sorafenib.</span><em><span>N</span></em><span>-(4-</span><span lang="IN">p</span><span>ropoksibenzoil)-<em>N</em>’-feniltiourea</span><span>dan</span><em><span>N</span></em><span>-(3,5-di-trifluorometilbenzoil)-<em>N</em>’-feniltiourea</span><span><a href="https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=1&amp;cad=rja&amp;uact=8&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjV3I6185jOAhWBtZQKHTaPDG0QFggeMAA&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sigmaaldrich.com%2Fcatalog%2Fproduct%2Faldrich%2F173452&amp;usg=AFQjCNFKqXN5rZl13Bp_czI1YlfKyGvWRQ"><span lang="IN">diprediksi mempunyai aktivitas </span><span>sitotoksik</span><span lang="IN"> paling besar</span></a></span><span> tetapi menimbulkan hepatotoksik, sehingga sebagai senyawa terpilih untuk disintesis dan dikembangkan lebih lanjut adalah <em>N</em>-(3,4-dimet</span><span lang="IN">i</span><span>lbenzo</span><span lang="IN">i</span><span>l)-<em>N</em>’-</span><span lang="IN">f</span><span>en</span><span lang="IN">i</span><span>ltiourea</span><span lang="IN">.</span>

Background: Insulin resistance is a frequent metabolic disorder in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Moringa oleifera has been shown to increase insulin expres-sion and decrease the degree of insulin in diabetes mellitus, therefore it is expected that Moringa oleifera could decrease insulin levels and increase folliculogenesis in PCOS.Objective: To prove the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract in various doses might decrease the insulin levels and increase folliculogenesis in female PCOS-insulin resistant rats.Methods: The three month old white rat of Wistar strain (Rattus norvegicus) 100-130 grams were divided into five groups (n=8) including normal control, PCOS-insulin re-sistance, PCOS-insulin resistance given metformin and PCOS-resistance insulin were giv-en Moringa oleifera leaf extract in two doses. Then, the PCOS model-insulin resistance by injection of testosterone propionate for 28 days. After 14 days treatment, we analysed insulin levels and folliculogenesis.Results: The PCOS control group showed a significant increase in insulin levels compared to the normal control group. The insulin levels from group treatment with Moringa oleifera leaf extract of 250 mg/kgBW was significantly lower than the PCOS control group. Ovarian histology analysis found that the number and diameter of follicle of PCOS control group showed a significant decrease compared to normal control group. In addition, the treatment with metformin and leaf Moringa oleifera dose 250 mg/kgBW and 500 mg/kgBW showed significant increase of folliculogenesis compared to PCOS control group.Conclusions: Moringa oleifera could lowering the blood insulin levels, subsequently decreasing the androgen thus allowed the increasing of folliculogenesis in PCOS.

Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Chronic asthma is commonly resistant to steroid therapy. Acupuncture has an anti-inflammatory effect and has been widely used as an add-on therapy for asthma. Objective: To evaluate the effects of acupuncture on the inflammatory response and airway remodelling in the bronchioles of an asthma mouse model. Methods: A chronic asthma model was produced in female BALB/c mice by ovalbumin (OVA) sensitisation. 32 mice were randomised into four groups: control; asthma (OVA); OVA+BL13; and OVA+BL13+ST36. OVA was administered by intraperitoneal injection on days 0 and 14 followed by aerosol exposure of 1% OVA three times a week for 6 weeks. Manual acupuncture (MA) was performed three times a week for 6 weeks at BL13 alone, or BL13 in combination with ST36, in the two MA-treated groups. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected to determine eosinophil and neutrophil counts and lung tissue was prepared for histological examination. Results: A pronounced reduction in the neutrophil count was achieved after MA at BL13+ST36 (P=0.005) while the eosinophil count was lowered after MA both at BL13 (P=0.007) and BL13+ST36 (P=0.006). Reduction in the bronchiolar epithelial and smooth muscle thickness and the number of goblet cells was observed after MA at BL13 (P=0.001, P=0.001 and P=0.002, respectively) and BL13+ST36 (P=0.001, P=0.002 and P=0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Acupuncture can reduce the inflammatory response and prevent airway remodelling in a chronic asthma mouse model.

Rinitis alergi merupakan gangguan fungsi hidung, terjadi setelah pajanan alergen melalui inflamasi mukosa hidung yang diperantarai IgE. Walaupun rinitis alergi bukan penyakit yang berat, penyakit ini dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup penderita. Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA-WHO) menganjurkan tes kulit tusuk (TKT) sebagai pemeriksaan penunjang diagnostik, tetapi tidak semua sarana kesehatan memiliki fasilitas tersebut, oleh karena itu perlu dipilih pemeriksaan alternatif yang sesuai atau setara yaitu eosinofil kerokan mukosa hidung. Suatu uji diagnostik dilakukan pada 50 subjek tersangka rinitis alergi periode Februari-April 2005 di poliklinik alergi Bagian THT-KL FKUP-RSHS. Sebanyak 78% penderita menunjukkan TKT positif, 76% terdapat eosinofil pada mukosa hidung, 64% positif terhadap kedua pemeriksaan. Uji statistik menunjukkan hubungan bermakna antara 2