Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common disease affecting 5-45% of Asian population. Although it is not a life-threatening disease, AR significantly hampers the quality of life of the sufferers. The prevalence of AR among adults in Indonesia is still unknown. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of AR among batch 2010 students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during June-October 2013 involving Indonesian class batch 2010 students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran. The sampling was performed using total sampling approach. The measurement tool used in this study was the Indonesian translation of the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma-World Health Organization (ARIA-WHO) questionnairee. Those who were aware of being diagnosed with AR or had two/more AR defining symptoms in the questionnaire form were considered to have AR. The statistical analysis was conducted by calculating frequencies. Results: A total of 207 questionnaire forms were adequately filled out and returned. Based on the questionnaire, the prevalence rate of AR was 38.2%. Of the 79 AR cases, 66% cases involved females. In addition, 54% of the the AR cases have a parental history of allergic diseases. Nasal obstruction and itchy nose were the most frequent symptoms (90%), followed by rhinorrhea (89%), sneezing (82%), and eye symptoms (62%). Based on the duration, the majority fell into the intermittent group (91%); whereas based on severity, the majority was in the moderate-severe group (71%). Conclusions:The prevalence rate of AR obtained in this study is within the estimated range of Asian population. [AMJ.2015;2(4):

Rinitis alergi merupakan gangguan fungsi hidung, terjadi setelah pajanan alergen melalui inflamasi mukosa hidung yang diperantarai IgE. Walaupun rinitis alergi bukan penyakit yang berat, penyakit ini dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup penderita. Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA-WHO) menganjurkan tes kulit tusuk (TKT) sebagai pemeriksaan penunjang diagnostik, tetapi tidak semua sarana kesehatan memiliki fasilitas tersebut, oleh karena itu perlu dipilih pemeriksaan alternatif yang sesuai atau setara yaitu eosinofil kerokan mukosa hidung. Suatu uji diagnostik dilakukan pada 50 subjek tersangka rinitis alergi periode Februari-April 2005 di poliklinik alergi Bagian THT-KL FKUP-RSHS. Sebanyak 78% penderita menunjukkan TKT positif, 76% terdapat eosinofil pada mukosa hidung, 64% positif terhadap kedua pemeriksaan. Uji statistik menunjukkan hubungan bermakna antara 2

Background: Allergic rhinitis affects 500 million people worldwide, especially children and adolescents. This disease interferes with daily activities and productivity, leading to decreased quality of life. Allergic rhinitis is often accompanied by co-morbid conditions such as asthma, conjunctivitis, rhinosinusitis, urticaria and othersthat may worsen the disease. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of patients with allergic rhinitis during the period of 2010-2011 in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. Methods: This study was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design using medical records of allergic rhinitis patients who visited the allergy clinic of the Otorhinolaryngology -Head and Neck Surgery ( ORL -HNS ) Department of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. Results: There were 167 patients diagnosed as suffering from allergic rhinitis during the study time with more women (53.3%) affected compared to men (46.7%). Most of them were in the age group of 18-34 years old (52.7%) and their were student (53.3%). Most were suffered from moderate-severe persistent allergic rhinitis based on the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma-World Health Organization (ARIA-WHO) classification (52.7%). Co-morbid conditions were found in 73.7% of subjects and the allergic conjunctivitis (59.9%) was the most common. Conclusions: Allergic rhinitis is most commonly found in people at school age and productive age. Most allergic rhinitis patients are classified into persistent moderate/severe, showing that the rhinitis symptom has already interfered with their daily activities and decreased their quality of life. [AMJ.2014;1(2): [75][76][77][78][79][80]

Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been targeted as a cause of the increased incidence of allergic rhinitis. Many factors, including sun exposure, influence vitamin D levels. Indonesia is a country with abundant sunshine exposure throughout the year; therefore, Indonesian residents are not expected to have inadequate vitamin D levels. Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether vitamin D deficiency levels are correlated with disease spectrum among allergic rhinitis patients. Material and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Rhino-Allergy ORL-HNS Clinic at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital in Bandung, Indonesia, from March-June 2016. All subjects underwent skin prick tests and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels examination. To measure the association between vitamin D deficiency level and severity of allergic rhinitis, a Rank-Spearman correlation test was used and significant level was determined when the p-value is <0.05. Results: A total of 46 allergic rhinitis patients (19 males, 27 females, aged 28.3 ± 6 years) were included in this study. 63% of allergic rhinitis patients had a severe vitamin D deficiency and 50% of them classified as having persistent moderate-severe based on ARIA-WHO classification. Vitamin D deficiency was found to be significantly correlated with severity of allergic rhinitis status (r s = −0.321; p = 0.005). Conclusion: We found vitamin D deficiency was correlated with allergic rhinitis classification and a significant proportion of allergic rhinitis patients showed a severe vitamin D deficiency.

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Background Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is the most common infectious disease in the world and the leading cause of hearing loss in children in developing countries. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is often found in children with CSOM. Objective This study was conducted to determine the association between IDA and the incidence of CSOM in children. Method This research is a case-control study using consecutive sampling. Participants were divided into case group which are children diagnosed with CSOM (n = 42) and control group which are children with normal ear (n = 42). All participants were examined for serum iron (FE), hemoglobin (Hb), total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and ferritin levels. The analysis used in this study includes the chi-square test or fisher extract test and independence t -test or Man Whitney test with p < 0.05. Result The measurement results obtained values of Hb (13.00 ± 1.34 g/dL; p < 0.001), FE (95.13 ± 40.84 g/dL; p < 0.001), TIBC (354.18 ± 62.44 g/dL; p = 0.016), and ferritin levels (17.57 ± 8.55 g/dL; p < 0.001). Participants who experienced IDA were 21.43% which in the case group was 31.0% and control group was 11.9% ( OR = 3.32; p = 0.033). Conclusion IDA can increase the incidence of CSOM in children.

RATIONALE: 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3, the active form of vitamin D has been reported to inhibit proliferation of effector cells and to enhance CD4 + CD25 + CD127 low regulatory T-cells. We hypothesized that using the active form of vitamin D as an adjuvant would enhanced CD4 + CD25 + CD127 low regulatory T-cells as well as the anti-inflammatory cytokines of allergic rhinitis patient undergoing subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT). METHODS: It was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in 36 allergic rhinitis patients who suffer vitamin D deficiency; age 18-49 years. The intervention based on patient treated with SCITcalcitriol 0.5 mcg/day and SCIT-placebo as the control group on immunotherapy build-up phase. All groups evaluated at baseline, week 8 and week 15 for proportion CD4 + CD25 + CD127 low regulatory T-cells using flow cytometry, IL-10, and TGF-b using ELISA. Nasal symptoms score using Visual Analoq Scale. The Mann Whitney test, Friedman test and posthoc test using Wilcoxon used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The proportions of CD4 + CD25 + CD127 low regulatory T-cells significantly increased in the intervention group compared with control (p50.04) in week 8. There was a significant and positive tren in the increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the intervention group at week 8, particulary in IL-10 (p50.035) and TGF-b (p50.001), whereas control groups show after the week 15. The decrease in nasal symptoms score did not differ significantly between groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Immunologic outcomes changes start in week 8 in SCIT with 1.25-Dihidroxyvitamin D3 group. However, clinical improvement was mostly similar between groups. 1.25-Dihidroxyvitamin D3 a promising adjuvant for the improvement of SCIT.

Imunoterapi spesifik (ITS) merupakan pilihan terapi pada rinitis alergi yang tidak memberikan respons perbaikan klinis dengan medikamentosa. Peran zat adjuvan diduga dapat meningkatkan efektivitas dan efikasi ITS. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peran adjuvan vitamin D3 pada ITS terhadap percepatan timbulnya respons imun toleran. Penelitian analitik komparatif numerik dua kelompok tidak berpasangan dengan rancangan uji klinis acak terkontrol ganda ini dilakukan di Klinik Rinologi-Alergi THT-KL RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung sejak Mei 2016-April 2017. Sampel terdiri atas 18 pasien menerima ITS+kalsitriol dan 18 pasien menerima ITS+plasebo yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian diambil secara consecutive sampling. Dilakukan pemeriksaan jumlah sel Tregulator dengan flowcitometry pada baseline, minggu ke-8 dan 15 dan skor gejala hidung. Analisis dengan Uji Mann-Whitney, uji Friedman, uji T berpasangan dan analisis Post hoc. Perbandingan kenaikan rerata median jumlah sel Treg kelompok intervensi dengan kontrol pada minggu ke 8 menunjukkan nilai p=0,04, rerata MFI Treg pada kelompok intervensi dengan kontrol nilai p=0,002. Analisis post hoc terhadap MFI Treg menunjukkan peningkatan pada kelompok intervensi dengan p=0,001 pada minggu ke-8. Disimpulkan perubahan di tingkat imunologi mulai terjadi pada minggu ke-8, tetapi perbaikan gejala klinis terlihat setara.