Cervical ripening refers to a process of preparing the cervix for induction of labor by promoting effacement and dilatation as measured by Bishop's score. 1 The success of labor induction depends on the cervical status at the time of induction. It is generally predicted that the patients with a poor Bishop's score 3 have unacceptably higher rates of failure of induction. 2,3 It was also shown that a low Bishop's score is associated with increased rates of cesarean sections, maternal fever and fetal asphyxia. 1,2 To decrease the induction failure,

No abstract

To compare if single dose antibiotic is as effective as multiple doses in prevention of post-operative infection in caesarean section. To compare the cost effectiveness of drugs in both the groups. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This prospective randomized controlled study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of single dose antibiotic versus multiple doses in caesarean section. The study population consisted of 600 patients that were randomly allocated to single or multiple dose groups. All potentially infected cases were excluded from this study. All patients received inj Cefotaxime IV half hour before surgery. In addition the multiple dose group received antibiotics for five days post-operatively. Each patient in the study was observed till discharge for presence of any morbidity like endometritis, urinary tract infections, and wound infections. STATISTICAL ANALYSISIS: Fischer exact test, unpaired t test used for analysis. RESULTS: There was no statistically significance in the rate of infections in both the groups. The rate of febrile morbidity, endometritis, urinary tract infection and wound infections were statistically not significant. However the difference in cost of antibiotic in both the groups was significant. CONCLUSIONS: Single dose antibiotics are effective as multiple doses in prevention of post-operative infections in caesarean sections Careful periodic surveillance of antibiotic prophylaxis is necessary to detect the emergence of drug resistant strains of bacteria in our institution because it caters to the needs of local population.

Pure ovarian choriocarcinoma is extremely rare and can develop as a germ cell tumor or as a metastasis from uterine or tubal gestational choriocarcinoma or rarely from an ovarian pregnancy. The cytomorphologic findings have been reported previously in different sites. However, this is the first case of pure ovarian choriocarcinoma diagnosed on cytology to the best of our knowledge. The distinction between a gestational and nongestational choriocarcinoma is difficult. A 19-year-old female patient presented with an irregular per-vaginal bleeding and a mass in lower abdomen. Fine needle aspiration cytology smears of the mass were hypocellular and showed large, multinucleated giant cells and malignant mononucleated cells. Background was hemorrhagic. Serum beta hCG level was 3,80,000 mIU/ml. A diagnosis of choriocarcinoma was offered which was later confirmed by histopathology. The diagnosis of choriocarcinoma on fine needle aspiration cytology is based on the presence of large, multinucleated giant cells and malignant mononucleated cells. A high index of suspicion should be maintained and estimation of serum beta hCG plays a key role in supporting the diagnosis.

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequent endocrinological disorder affecting 5-10% of women in the reproductive age. This prevalence ranging from 2.2% to 26% in adult women from 18-45 year. In a recent study the prevalence of a confirmed diagnosis of PCOS in adolescents aged 10 to 19 years was 5-15%, which increased to 10-22%. When undiagnosed cases with documented symptoms qualifying for PCOS according to NIH (National institute of Health) criteria were included. PCOS is a complex endocrine disorder which is most common in women of reproductive age. PCOS may first present in adolescence, but the incidence of PCOS in adolescence is not known, as diagnostic criteria for PCOS in the adolescent age-group is still not defined, PCOS symptoms tend to overlap with normal pubertal changes making the diagnosis even more challenging. The objective is to study prevalence and symptomatology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in adolescent girls.Methods: Prospective Cross sectional study between April 2018 and March 2019. 150 adolescent girls aged 10 to 19 years attending OPD with oligomenorrhea, irregular menstrual cycle, obesity and/or hirsutism were advised for biochemical, hormonal, and ultrasonographic evaluation for diagnosis of PCOS on the basis of Rotterdam's criteria at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed University, Karad, Maharashtra, India.Results: Prevalence of PCOS in the study was 17.33% in the study group.Conclusions: PCOS is increasingly encountered during adolescence, although the overall prevalence is low and evaluation of PCOS in adolescents is challenging. At this age, lifestyle modification is imperative to prevent long-term metabolic and reproductive complications.

No abstract

In India, the national nutritional anaemia control programme (NNACP) was started in 1970 and is being implemented through primary health centers and sub centers. It recommended pregnant women to take one iron tablet per day for at least 100 days (each tablet containing 100 mg of natural iron and 500 mcg of folic acid) after first trimester of pregnancy; a similar dose applies to lactating women. Study Design: Randomized clinical trial. 160 pregnant ladies going to antenatal clinic at 14-36 weeks of gestation with Hb 7- 9.9g%. Who met the inclusion criteria were arbitrarily distributed into two groups. One with odd registration number was given iron sucrose and one with even was given FCM. Hematological profile includes Haemoglobin, Reticulocyte count, Blood indices (MCH, MCHC, MCV) Fringe smear, Serum iron and Serum TIBC. 52% cases from FCM group observed in the age gathering of 21-24 years and 39% cases from Iron Sucrose group were observed in the age gathering of 25-28 years. 54% cases from FCM and 46% cases from Iron sucrose were observed in the gestational Age of 29 to 36 weeks. 43% cases from FCM and 46% cases from Iron sucrose were primigravida. Patients from FCM group and 4 patients from Iron sucrose group did not follow up. 2 pts. From FCM group and 1 pt. from Iron sucrose group refused treatment. The rise in mean Hb level after 1 week and 4 weeks of treatment with FCM is more than Iron sucrose. The rise in mean Sr. Iron level after 1 week and after 4 weeks of treatment with FCM is more than Iron sucrose. The reduction in mean Sr. TIBC level after 4 weeks of treatment with Iron sucrose is more than FCM. The rise in mean MCH, MCHC and MCV levels after 1 week and 4 weeks of treatment with FCM is more than Iron sucrose. There was no serious adverse effect noted in both groups.

Background: Prolongation of labor leads to dehydration, ketoacidosis, infection, fetal asphyxia. Programmed labor aims at reducing the duration of labor, labor pain and incidence of cesarean section with improved maternal and neonatal outcome. Aims and Objectives: 1)To evaluate the effect of programmed labor on duration of labor. 2)To assess efficacy of analgesics in reducing pain of labor. 3)To find out maternal and neonatal complications. 4)To study impact of programmed labor on LSCS rates. Methods: Prospective randomized study of primigravida in active labor (after 4 cm cervical dilatation) for which 100 women were selected for programmed labor (cases) and 100 women were selected for traditional management of labor (controls). Cases were subjected to interventions to improve uterine contractions (ARM, Dinoprostone tablets, and Oxytocin drip), to facilitate cervical dilatation (Inj. Drotaverine), to relieve labor pains (Inj. Pentazocine & Diazepam). All labors were monitored by partogram. Results: Programmed labor reduced duration of first and second stage of labor. There was faster cervical dilatation (1.8 cm/hour against 1.2 cm/hour). Majority of the patients had better pain relief. There was no impact on LSCS rates Conclusions: Programmed labor significantly reduced duration of labor with good pain relief without compromising maternal and fetal/neonatal safety. But it had no impact on LSCS rates. [Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol 2013; 2(2.000): 209-212