Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequent endocrinological disorder affecting 5-10% of women in the reproductive age. This prevalence ranging from 2.2% to 26% in adult women from 18-45 year. In a recent study the prevalence of a confirmed diagnosis of PCOS in adolescents aged 10 to 19 years was 5-15%, which increased to 10-22%. When undiagnosed cases with documented symptoms qualifying for PCOS according to NIH (National institute of Health) criteria were included. PCOS is a complex endocrine disorder which is most common in women of reproductive age. PCOS may first present in adolescence, but the incidence of PCOS in adolescence is not known, as diagnostic criteria for PCOS in the adolescent age-group is still not defined, PCOS symptoms tend to overlap with normal pubertal changes making the diagnosis even more challenging. The objective is to study prevalence and symptomatology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in adolescent girls.Methods: Prospective Cross sectional study between April 2018 and March 2019. 150 adolescent girls aged 10 to 19 years attending OPD with oligomenorrhea, irregular menstrual cycle, obesity and/or hirsutism were advised for biochemical, hormonal, and ultrasonographic evaluation for diagnosis of PCOS on the basis of Rotterdam's criteria at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed University, Karad, Maharashtra, India.Results: Prevalence of PCOS in the study was 17.33% in the study group.Conclusions: PCOS is increasingly encountered during adolescence, although the overall prevalence is low and evaluation of PCOS in adolescents is challenging. At this age, lifestyle modification is imperative to prevent long-term metabolic and reproductive complications.
BACKGROUND/AIMS:Menstruation is a normal part of adolescence, but for girls with excessive uterine bleeding, it can be associated with significant morbidity. Menstrual disorders and abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) are among the most frequent gynaecological complaints of adolescents. AUB has been defined in the past by a variety of terms and there have been inconsistencies and lack of categorization of various potential causes of AUB. To have standard nomenclature internationally, palm coein Classification of AUB was introduced in 2011 by FIGO Menstrual disorder group for non-pregnant, reproductive age women. In the present study we aimed to evaluate cases of adolescent AUB by investigations and palm coein approach. METHODS: The study was conducted prospectively on all adolescent girls attending OPD at Krishna institute of medical sciences Karad, Menstrual complaints were classified according to palm coein approach after a thorough history taking, examination and investigations. RESULTS: Prevalence of menstrual disorders in adolescents was 64.5%, of which 86.90% were attributed to AUB. Palm coein approach was applied to AUB cases. Ovulatory disorders (AUB-0) formed a major chunk of adolescent AUB (96.90%), of which 60.60% were due to immaturity of Hypothalamic Pituitary Ovarian axis, 27.87% due to polycystic ovarian syndrome and 8.48% due to Thyroid disorders. Contribution of coagulopathy to AUB was 2.42%. Polyps and leiomyoma were seen in 1.2% and 0.6% of cases respectively. All cases were classified when palm coein was applied. CONCLUSION: AUB in adolescents can also be classified by palm coein to standardize nomenclature and abandonment of terms like menorrhagia, metrorrhagia and dysfunctional uterine bleeding and treated it successfully.
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most complex and common endocrinological disorder involving 5-11% of women in their reproductive age. This prevalence ranges from 2.2% to 26% in adult women in 18-45 years age group. In a recent study, the prevalence of a confirmed diagnosis of PCOS in adolescents aged 10 to 19 years was 5-15%, which increased to 10-22% when undiagnosed cases with documented symptoms qualifying for PCOS according to NIH (National institute of Health) criteria were included. PCOS is a complex endocrine disorder which is most common in women of reproductive age. PCOS may first present in adolescence, but the incidence of PCOS in adolescence is not known, as diagnostic criteria for PCOS in their adolescent age is still not defined. PCOS symptoms tend to overlap with normal pubertal changes making the diagnosis even more challenging. The objective is to study prevalence and symptomatology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in adolescent girls. In adolescents with PCOS, dyslipidaemia, diabetes as well as obesity are all potent cardiovascular risk factors in their future reproductive life. It is a metabolic disorder which may not be related with obesity only, in lean PCOS also we can see its manifestations. METHODS It was prospective, cross sectional study carried out from April 2018 to March 2019. 85 adolescents (10-19) with PCOS were enrolled in my study. In all participants enrolled in my study we measured body mass index (BMI) & their waist/hip (W/H) ratio. In participants, their fasting glucose, as well as fasting insulin and fasting lipid profiles were measured. In our study, definition of Insulin resistance is, fasting glucose-to-insulin ratio should be < 4.5. After blood reports, we found the relation of obesity markers with their insulin resistance status and their lipid parameters. After this, statistical analysis was done by using SPSS & Mann Whitney U tests. RESULTS In my study, out of 85 PCOS adolescents, 60 adolescents had insulin resistance. We found that there was no correlation between BMI and W/H ratio depending on their various lipid parameters. Surprisingly we observed that in participants with PCOS with insulin resistance, thei lipid profile was significantly abnormal, as compared to insulin-sensitive girls with PCOS. In the two groups, we found that total cholesterol (p = 0.002), as well as triglycerides (p = <0.001) and their HDL (p = <0.001) difference was statistically significant but it was not statistically significant for low-density lipoprotein (LDL)(P=0.09). CONCLUSIONS In adolescents with PCOS, insulin resistance is responsible for dyslipidaemia, which is independent of obesity markers.
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