IntRoduCtIonMale breast cancer is a rare neoplasm which accounts for 1.2 -2 % of all cancers in men and 1% of the total cases of breast cancer [1,2]. The incidence of bilateral breast cancer accounts for only 0.5 -1 % of male breast cancers and synchronous cancers are extremely rare [3,4]. Carcinoma of the male breast has many similarities with the breast cancer which occurs in women [5]. We are reporting this case for rarity of the disease, advanced presentation of the lesion and synchronous bilateral breast cancer.
Embryonal carcinoma is a type of non-seminomatous germ cell tumor. Pure embryonal carcinoma of testis occurs only in 3-4% cases. We present a case of 34-year-old man with aggressive clinical course. At the time of presentation, he had left testicular swelling along with supraclavicular mass with extensive metastasis to retroperitoneum, liver, and lung. On gross pathological examination, specimen showed tumor replacing entire testis with involvement of rete testis, epididymis, and spermatic cord. It is observed that many patients with a tumor composed predominantly of embryonal carcinoma have metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Embryonal carcinoma is an aggressive tumor due to its tendency to early hematogenous spread emphasizing its need for early detection and treatment. The estimation of serum tumor marker levels is not conclusive in these cases. We are presenting this case for its rarity, and advanced stage of disease with clinical and histomorphological features.
Background: A significant number of oral cancer cases present initially with precursor lesions. If detected earlier in disease course it will reduce the morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical presentation and various histopathological types of premalignant lesions.Methods: This is descriptive, observational, analytical type of study of five-year duration. The detail clinical presentation, relevant investigation and histopathological study on biopsy tissue stain with H and E was done and the data is analysed.Results: During study period, 173 cases having oral lesions were observed. Among these 38 cases showed oral premalignant lesions. The most common age group affected was in between 50 to 59 years. The male predominance was noted. Male to female ratio was 1.9:1. The location of the lesions were buccal mucosa (55.26%), tongue (26.31%), gingiva (7.90%), alveolus (5.26%), lip (2.6%), retromolar area (2.63%) was noted. The common etiological factor observed was tobacco chewing. On histopathological features, cases were of leukoplakia 68.41%, oral lichen planus 13.16%, oral submucous fibrosis 7.90%, actinic cheilitis-7.9%, and oral erythroplakia 2.6%.Conclusions: In this study, various oral premalignant lesions were observed. Their clinical and histopathological evaluation was done. Oral leukoplakia was most common lesion in the present study. Buccal mucosa was the most common site. Tobacco chewing habit was the common risk factor observed. Early detection of premalignant oral lesion is of utmost importance to prevent further morbidity as these lesions further progress to oral cancer.
To study the clinical and histopathological features of medullary breast carcinoma (MBC) in rural population in Western Maharashtra. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective, analytic study which is done at a tertiary care hospital from March 2010 to April 2016 for a period of 6 years. RESULTS Total of 241 consecutive cases of breast malignancy surgically operated for mastectomy or modified radical mastectomy were studied. From these 241 cases, 11 were reported as medullary carcinoma (constitute 4.56%). From these 11 cases, 10 cases were of typical medullary breast while 1 case was of atypical medullary breast carcinoma was noted. Each case was studied for clinical, morphological, radiological and immunohistochemistry (IHC) findings. For typical medullary carcinoma, the age range in present study was 33 to 55 years with a mean age of 46.3 years. The common clinical presentation was painless lump in the breast with common location being upper outer quadrant. The size of the tumour ranged from 2.5 to 9 cm with a mean size of 5.6 cm. The axillary lymph nodes were involved in 4 (40%) cases. The ER, PR and HER-2 were found to be positive in 10%, 10% and 20% respectively. Triple negative cases were 70%. CONCLUSION The clinicopathological features of medullary breast carcinoma showed early disease stage, having high-grade histological features of tumour, more triple negativity for ER/PR/HER2 and low rate of nodal metastasis.
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