ASBTRACTHousing temperature and housing system may influence productive performance and egg qualities. This research aimed to investigate the influence of different housing temperatures and housing system on productive performance and egg qualities. A total of 72 Lohmann hens were reared in litter and cage system with different housing temperatures of 18 o C and 30 o C. Each treatment consisted of 18 hens. Traits measured were productive performance (feed intake, hen day production, egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion), egg internal and external qualities (egg shape index, Haugh Unit, air sack, albumin height, egg shell cleanless, egg shell thickness, and egg shell weight). This experiment was run twice according to housing system for each housing temperatures and was completely randomized design. Data was subjected to t-test and descriptive analyses. Productive production and egg quality in both housing systems did not differ. However, the egg weight was significantly heavier in cage system compared to litter system in neutral housing temperature.

The population of commercial broiler chickens in Indonesia is increasing along with the high level of consumption of Indonesian poultry meat. The difference in the weight of broiler chicken harvest due to sex differences allows for differences in the percentage of carcass, non carcass and physical quality of broiler chicken meat. The aim of study was to analysis the sex differences in broiler chickens against the carcass and non carcass characteristics produced. 10 broiler chickens, each of male and female aged 30 days randomized from 14 000 broiler chickens that maintained in closed house were analyzed. The variables observed were carcass characteristics (carcass percentage, cut up of carcass, edible and non edible carcass components, and physical quality of breast meat) and non carcass characteristics (non carcass components). The data obtained were analyzed using the t-test. The average body weight of male and female chickens were 1 834.10 g and 1 659.40 g. The carcases percentage of male and female broilers were 69.38% and 70.78%. The bone percentage of male and female broilers were 17.27% and 15.56%. The cooking shrinkage value of male and female broilers breast meat were 36.32% and 42.50%. As a conclusion, male broilers with greater body weight produced a smaller significant of carcas percentage, and a significantly greater of bone percentage, but had better in physical quality than female broiler chickens.

One of the weakness of broiler chicken is susceptible to disease infection. Therefore in its feed is added by feed additive. The feed additive that is often used was antibiotics growth promoters. To produce the healthy of chicken meat, using antibiotics in feed should be avoided. The powder of areca nut contain of high flavonoid, so it can be given to broiler chicken, for replace the role of antibiotic in feed.So the purpose of this study was to evaluate the powder of areca nut in broiler chicken feed toward the production performance and its economic value. 96 day old chicks of broiler were used. They were placed at 12 swath (sized 1x1 m 2) in open house, then they were distributed into 4 treatments. Every treatment consist of 3 repeted. The treatments were the level of powder of areca nut in feed, 0, 1, 2, and 3% (P0, P1, P2, and P3). Production performances were analyzed statistically, while the value of income over feed and chick cost were analyzed descriptively.Production performances include the average of feed consumption, body weight gain, final body weight, feed conversion ratio, and mortality of broiler chickens were not significant. There were no death chicken at P1. The high value of income over feed and chick cost wereachieved by P1, in the amount ofRp7080/chicken. It can be concluded that the level of powder of areca nut in amount 1% in commercial broiler feed gave the best result.

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The objectives of this study were to identify polymorphism of transforming growth factor β2 (TGF-β2) gene associated with Salmonella pullorum resistance in Indonesian chickens. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assays were used to genotype Indonesian chickens. Analysis of polymorphism was conducted by using PopGen 3.2 software. The effect of genotype on S. pullorum resistance was analyzed using the SAS General Linear Model (GLM) procedure. Genotyping was performed on 278 chickens from 7 Indonesian chicken populations (Sentul, Merawang, Pelung, Kampung, Parent Cobb broiler, The F1 crossbreed of Kampung x Parent Cobb broiler (KB) and F2 KB x KB. The product of amplification was 284 bp. The TGF-β2| RsaI locus was polymorphic in all populations, producing two alleles (T and C) and three genotypes (TT, CT, and CC). The result from the analysis of the allele and genotype frequency showed that the T allele had a higher frequency than the C allele in all populations. The χ2 analysis showed that the 6 chicken populations were deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, with the exception of the Parent Cobb broiler chicken. The association result showed that TT genotype was significantly associated with S. pullorum resistance in Sentul chicken. Although the leukocyte concentration, leukocyte differentiation and H/L ratio in Sentul chicken with three of TGF-β2 genotypes (TT, TC, and CC) were not statistically different. In conclusion, polymorphism in the TGF-β2 chicken gene can be used as a candidate marker to increase S. pullorum immune response.

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is an integral membrane protein of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)that catalyzes the rate limiting step in the monounsaturated fatty acids from saturated fatty acids. Selection for fatty acids traits based on molecular marker assisted selection is needed to increase a value of chicken meat. This study was designed to analyze expression and associations of SCD gene polymorphisms with fatty acid traits in F2 kampung-broiler chicken cross. A total of 62 F2 kampungbroiler chicken cross (29 males and 33 females) were used in this study. Fatty acid traits were measured at 26 weeks of age. Samples were divided into two groups based on fatty acid traits (the highest and the lowest). Primers in exon 2 region were designed from the genomic chicken sequence. The SNP g.37284A>G was detected and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was then used to genotype. The expression of SCD gene was analyzed using quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). The result showed that there were three genotypes (AA, AG, and GG) found in this study. The SCD|AciI polymorphism was significantly associated with palmitoleic acid (C16:1), fatty acids total and saturated fatty acid in 26 weeks old of F2 kampungbroiler chicken cross (P<0.05). The SCD gene was expressed for polyunsaturated fatty acids in liver tissue in two groups of chickens. In conclusion, the SCD gene could be a candidate gene that affects fatty acids traits in F2 kampung-broiler chicken cross. Keywords

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