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ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari keragaman genetik populasi domba di Indonesia menggunakan penciri DNA mikrosatelit. Sebanyak 18 lokus DNA mikrosatelit digunakan untuk menentukan genotipe populasi domba Indonesia. Sampel darah domba yang digunakan sebanyak 200 ekor berasal dari populasi domba garut tipe tangkas, domba garut tipe daging, domba purbalingga, domba batur dan domba jember diektraksi DNA total dengan menggunakan metode salting out. Data lokus DNA mikrosatelit dianalisis menggunakan program POPGENE 3.2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diperoleh sebanyak 180 alel dari 17 lokus DNA mikrosatelit, sedangkan rataan jumlah alel adalah 10 alel (6 sampai 18 alel) dari lima populasi domba Indonesia (domba garut tipe tangkas, domba garut tipe daging, domba purbalingga, domba batur dan domba jember). Nilai heterosigositas observasi (Ho) dan heterosigostas harapan (He) diperoleh masing-masing 0,5749 dan 0,6896, sedangkan nilai genetik diferensiasi untuk inbreeding antar populasi (FIS), dalam populasi (FIT) dan rataan diferensiasi genetik (FST) masing-masing 0,1006; 0,1647 dan 0,0712. Jarak genetik dan pohon genetik menunjukkan bahwa populasi domba Indonesia berbeda antara populasi domba garut tipe tangkas, domba garut tipe daging, domba purbalingga, domba batur dan domba jember. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa diperlukan strategi program pemuliaan, pelestarian dan pemanfaatan secara berkelanjutan pada setiap populasi domba di Indonesia. Kata-kata kunci: domba Indonesia, penciri DNA mikrosatelit, keragaman genetik ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research was to study genetic diversity in Indonesian sheep population using microsatellite markers. A total of 18 microsatellite loci have been used for genotyping Indonesian sheep. Total sheep blood 200 samples were extracted from garut sheep of fighting and meat types, purbalingga sheep, batur sheep and jember sheep populations by using a salting out method. Microsatellite loci data were analyzed using POPGENE 3.2 software. Based on this study obtained 180 alleles from 17 microsatellite loci, while average number of alleles was 6.10 alleles (6 to 18 alleles) from five Indonesian sheep populations (garut sheep of fighting type, garut sheep of meat type, purbalingga sheep, batur sheep and jember sheep population). The average of observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) values were 0.5749 and 0.6896, respectively, while the genetic differentiation for inbreeding among population (FIS), within population (FIT) and average genetic differentiation (FST) were 0.1006, 0.1647 and 0.0712, respectively. Genetic distance and genetic tree showed that Indonesian sheep population was distinct from garut sheep of fighting and meat types, purbalingga sheep, batur sheep and jember sheep population. Based on this results were needed a strategy for conservation and breeding programs in each Indonesian sheep population.

Data produktivitas dari 560 ekor sapi PO telah dikoleksi selama 9 tahun pengamatan dari 2004 sampai 2013 untuk mengkaji estimasi nilai heritabilitas dan pengaruh non-genetik terhadap sifat produksi sapi PO dari lahir sampai umur satu tahun. Estimasi nilai heritabilitas dilakukan dengan analisis variansi menggunakan data saudara tiri sebapak (Paternal Halfsib Correlation). Pemisahan komponen ragam untuk menduga nilai heritabilitas dilakukan dengan analisis sidik ragam Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola searah. Sedangkan pengaruh non-genetik (jenis kelamin, tahun, paritas, musim, generasi dan tipe lahir) dianalisis menggunakan Generalized Linier Model (GLM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis kelamin dan tahun berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) pada sifat-sifat produksi yang meliputi bobot lahir, bobot sapih dan bobot setahun, sedangkan tipe lahir hanya berpengaruh nyata pada bobot lahir saja. Paritas, musim dan generasi menunjukkan pengaruh yang tidak nyata terhadap ketiga variabel produksi tersebut. Estimasi nilai heritabilitas bobot lahir, bobot sapih dan bobot setahun berturut-turut 0,28+0,12; 0,47+0,15 dan 0,63+0,17. Nilai heritabilitas tertinggi diperoleh pada bobot setahun, hal ini berarti bahwa bobot setahun efektif untuk digunakan sebagai kriteria seleksi dalam meningkatkan perbaikan genetik sapi PO.

Reproductive performance of female cattle is one of the important factors that need to be known in supporting the efficiency of beef cattle breeding programs so that the dam can produce calves every year. This study aimed to evaluate the potential and reproductive performance of female Bali cattle to preparing a baseline for cattle breeding production in SL-SPR Maju Bersama, Sungai Lilin District. Three hundred and thirty female Bali cattle owned by 247 farmers were measured and recorded based on their production and reproduction performance. Data were collected by interview and observation. Data were analyzed using statistical and descriptive methods. Reproductive performance obtained is the age first calving 1098±120 days; calving interval 457,25±8,75 days; days open 109,25±8,57 days and service per conception 5,46±0,42. The average female cattle have a BCS value of 3 (43%). The result showed that the breeding of Bali cattle at SL-SPR had sufficient potential, but it was necessary to improve performance. The basic data obtained can be used to start a breeding business to increase populations and improve the genetic quality of Bali cattle.

Bali cattle are one of Indonesian native cattle's that famous for their ability to adapt to tropical harsh conditions. For the last 25 years, indiscriminate crossbreeding using artificial insemination (AI) organizing mainly by government might be has contaminated the purity of Bali cattle. In order to utilize as well as to conserve Bali cattle it is necessary to develop an accurate and simples method to detect the purity of Bali cattle. This experiment is the continuation of a long term experiments in developing methods to detect the purity of Bali cattle i.e. phenotypic variations, blood protein polymorphisms, hair structure, chromosome and DNA microsatellite variation analyses. The specificity of HEL9 and INRA035 microsetellites in Bali cattle as well as in Banteng (Bos sondaicus) as their ancestor was tested. The results show that A and B alleles at INRA035 microsatellite locus are monomorphic and can be used for a specific markers for Bali cattle. Allele A at locus HEL9 that has high frequency (92.90%) in Bali cattle and 100% in Banteng can also be used as a supporting marker.