Abstract. Dharmayanti N, Anti A, Siregar RR, Sipahutar Y, Permadi A, Siregar AN, Salampessy RB, Sujuliyanti, Nurbani SZ, Purnamasari HB. 2021. Title. Biodiversitas 22: 373-378. Brown seaweeds have the potential to produce bioactive compounds. Bacteria associated with seaweeds are involved in the production of metabolites. Microbes may be present as a living symbiotic in association with other algae as epiphytes or endophytes. In this study, bacteria isolated from brown seaweed (Turbinaria conoides) were tested for antibacterial activity. A total of 14 bacteria were isolated, of which 6 were isolated from external tissue, while 8 from internal tissue. Results of an antagonistic test revealed that 7 isolates showed inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus and only 1 isolate showed the inhibition against both S. aureus and Escherichia coli. Phenotypic and genotypic analysis showed that the symbiont bacteria was Lactobacillus plantarum.

Abstract. Dharmayanti N, Supriatna J, Abinawanto, Yasman. 2019. Isolation and partial characterization of Alginate from Sargassum polycystum of Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1776-1785. The utilization of Sargassum polycystum as an alternative alginate source may reduce the dependence on alginate import as currently alginate demands in Indonesia are 100% supplied from overseas. The purpose of this study was to characterize alginate extracted from Sargassum polycystum obtained from three locations with different ecological characteristics. Isolation of alginate was conducted through partial hydrolysis to separate guluronic acid and mannuronic acid followed by freeze-drying and then the parameters were measured qualitatively and quantitatively using FTIR. The results showed that alginate extracted from Sargassum polycystum collected from Lima Island, Ujung Kulon and Binuangeun were 11.48%, 18.62%, and 5.75%, respectively with the viscosity were 35 cP, 62.50 cP, and 81.33 cP, respectively. The test result of partial hydrolysis of alginate showed that guluronic block (GG) in the alginate polymer of Lima Island, Ujung Kulon and Binuangeun were 67.60%, 59.00%, and 41.40%, respectively. These relate to the nature of the gel formed. The alginate from Lima Island tends to be more rigid and less flexible than that from Ujung Kulon and Binuangeun. The findings of this study suggest that there are differences in the concentration of the components of mannuronate and guluronate of Sargassum polycystum across different locations in Banten, Indonesia.

Limbah cangkang rajungan dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi kitosan yang dihasilkan dari proses deasetilasi kitin dengan basa kuat serta menggunakan suhu tinggi. Penggunaan suhu tinggi selama proses berisiko tinggi, sehingga produksi kitosan tanpa tahap pemanasan dapat menjadi solusi untuk mengurangi risiko kecelakaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memproduksi kitosan dari cangkang rajungan pada suhu ruang tanpa adanya pemanasan. Kitosan dibuat melalui tahapan- tahapan berikut yaitu deproteinasi, demineralisasi, dan deasetilasi. Proses pembuatan kitosan dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali ulangan pada waktu yang berbeda dengan metode yang sama dan terukur. Kitosan yang dihasilkan kemudian dikarakterisasi. Kitosan yang dihasilkan memiliki warna putih kekuningan, berbentuk serpihan dan tidak berbau, dengan kadar air 11,25–12,93%, kadar abu 1,62–1,75%, kadar nitrogen 5,12–5,45%, kadar lemak 0,25–0,49%, viskositas 37,50–38,33 cPs, kelarutan 99,50–99,57% dan derajat deasetilasi 57,64%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kitosan dapat dibuat tanpa menggunakan proses pemanasan dan memenuhi standar mutu kitosan komersial kecuali nilai derajat deasetilasi rendah. Pembuatan kitosan tanpa pemanasan diharapkan dapat diterapkan pada miniplant rajungan sehingga dapat memberi nilai tambah untuk cangkang rajungan.

Rejection of any foreign material that should not be included in the product (filthy) occurs in fish lemadang with various forms of products. The observe done in PT. Graha Insan Sejahtera, North Jakarta from 15 February until 15 May 2016. The purpose of observe was to determine the application of traceability<br />systems in the fish processing frozen lemadang portion and determine the ability of a search on the final product based on the code traceability. Method end the practice of using direct observation by participating in the process of traceability and interviews with sources (captains, tally, Quality Assurance or QA and Quality Control or QC). Implementation of traceability systems internally applied by Fish Processing Unit (UPI) based analysis system, the type of operation and methods of data traceability. Implementation of internal code traceability system starting from raw material to the acceptance stage weighing IV use 12-digit numbers and three letters or a combination of numbers and letters. At this stage of labeling up to loading using a product lot code. The application of an external traceability system on seven ships and three suppliers no implementing traceability systems. Search capability to the code portion lemadang frozen fish products with a known product quality is not traceable to get the code of raw materials and the quality of frozen fish lemadang. <br /><br />

Kulit patin merupakan salah satu hasil samping industri perikanan memiliki kandungan senyawa yang berpotensi sebagai sumber alternatif kolagen mengandung aktivitas antioksidan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan aktivitas antioksidan yang terkandung dalam kolagen dari kulit ikan patin diekstraksi dengan enzim bromelin kasar dari kulit buah nanas. Kolagen dibuat dengan menggunakan enzim bromelin kasar dari kulit nanas dengan aktifitas 1.0 U/g dengan beberapa tahapan yaitu praperlakuan, deproteinase, degrasing dan ekstraksi, data perlakuan dengan kombinasi waktu perendaman dan kosentrasi enzim bromelin kasar, dengan waktu perendaman 3 jam, 3,5 jam dan 4 jam dan kosentrasi enzim bromelin kasar 0; 1,5; 2%, dianalisis dengan statistik menggunakan RAL faktorial. Hasil dari pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa kelarutan terbaik didapat pada perlakuan T3.E2 yaitu 98,96%, Viskositas terbaik yaitu 22,67 cP , derajat keasaman (pH) terbaik pada T1.E2 yaitu 6,73, berat molekul α1, α2, β dan γ adalah : 131,51 kda, 110,48 kda, 202,48 kda dan 243,93 kda, aktivitas antioksidan terbaik pada perlakuan T1.E3 yaitu 20,45 ferrous sulfate/g.

Kalsinasi merupakan salah satu tahapan penting dalam sintesis hidroksiapatit, karena kemurnian tepung CaO sangat tergantung pada suhu dan waktu kalsinasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan waktu dan suhu optimum pada kalsinasi tepung cangkang rajungan (Portunus sp.) pada pembuatan tepung kalsium oksida (CaO). Pada penelitian ini, cangkang rajungan dikalsinasi pada suhu 700 dan 800°C selama 4 dan 5 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan suhu dan waktu kalsinasi berpengaruh terhadap rendemen, jumlah massa kalsium, dan karbon dari tepung CaO (p<0,05). Sedangkan jumlah massa fosfor dan oksida tidak dipengaruhi oleh perlakuan kalsinasi (p>0,05). Tepung CaO kemudian diidentifikasi gugus fungsi, morfologi, komposisi, dan kristalinitasnya menggunakan Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) dengan Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), dan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Hasil pengamatan menunjukan tepung CaO terbaik diperoleh dari perlakuan kalsinasi pada suhu 800°C selama 5 jam, menghasilkan morfologi tepung dengan ukuran yang lebih seragam serta pori-pori yang lebih halus dan lebih kecil dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Selain itu, kadar kalsium dan derajat kristalinitas yang dihasilkan pada perlakuan tersebut lebih besar dibandingkan dengan perlakukan lainnya, yaitu berturut-turut 91,96±5,07% dan 75%. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa proses kalsinasi pada suhu 800°C selama 5 jam menghasilkan tepung CaO yang paling optimum dan dapat dijadikan bahan baku sintesis hidroksiapatit.

Sargassum sp. is a type of seaweed that produces a high enough amount of alginate. Alginate is a natural anionic polysaccharide derived from the cell wall of seaweed. Alginate has several advantages such as sodium tripoliphospat, commonly used as one of the ingredients for meatballs. The purpose of this study was to identify brown algae used as samples, find out how to extract alginate, find out the quality of alginate produced, and apply alginate to the manufacture of tuna meatballs. The results showed that the sample of seaweed used was Sargassum polycystum. Alginate extraction process was done using Le-Gluahec-Herter method with ten stages of process. The resulting sodium alginate had a moisture content of 9.61%, ash content of 22%, pH level of 9.4 and a viscosity of 50 Cp. The character of the results met the 1981 Food Chemical Codex (FCC) standard for the food industry. The application of alginate to the manufacture of tuna meatballs can improve the texture of the resulting meatballs. The results of quality testing meatballs with chemical parameters and microbiology met the quality standards of fish meatballs, SNI 7266-2014.

Samples collected from two coastal areas by diving and using a boat. The fresh seaweed morphologically identified while the dried samples collected to be used for DNA testing. Previous research has been shown that there is an influence from environmental parameters on seaweed composition so that the water quality testing was carried out to determine the dominance of wild seaweed water. We conducted genomes extraction, PCR amplification, DNA sequencing testing, alignment with MEGA 7 application and made phylogeny tree, which are distributed at Tomini bay Dictyota sp., Halimeda sp., Padina sp., Polysiphonia sp., and Banten bay as Sargassum sp. This study evaluated the feasibility of using the ITS2 marker to identify some wild seaweed species, from Tomini Bay and Banten Bay waters. Five wild seaweed species collected from these waters were submitted for DNA barcoding. Currently available universal primers for ITS2 region amplification were sufficient to be successfully amplified and the result of DNA amplification continue to be sequenced. In conclusion, the data presented here indicates that ITS2 are useful markers for DNA barcoding of wild seaweed, with advantage for ITS2 due to the larger availability of analytical tools and reference barcodes deposited at databases for this marker.