No abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor (AI, Fadrozole, Ciba-Geigy) on gonadal differentiation in the chicken. Fertilized eggs of single comb White Leghorn hens were injected with AI on day 5 of incubation. AI-treated eggs were incubated, hatched, and raised until 10 months of age.

The Javan slow loris Nycticebus javanicus is threatened by habitat decline and is classified as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List. Information on its distribution and habitat preferences is still lacking, and so far the distribution of the Javan slow loris has only been quantified via ecological niche modelling based on museum specimens and remotely derived environmental layers. We aimed to refine the modelled predictions and to verify the distribution of the Javan slow loris by collecting up-to-date occurrence data, which are fundamental for conservation and management of the species. Furthermore, we identify variables that predict its presence and give recommendations for future survey sites and conservation actions. From April to June 2012 we collected data on species presence, habitat preferences and levels of disturbance at priority sites throughout Java. We present a map of the predicted distribution of N. javanicus based on a maximum entropy model. We investigated habitat preferences using R (v. 2.14.1). During the study we sighted 52 lorises in 9 out of 14 investigated areas. The amount of bamboo in a forest had a positive effect on the encounter rates. Furthermore, we made 86% of sightings in forest plantations and agricultural areas located outside protected areas, with the majority located in areas with measured high levels of disturbance. We suggest that further ecological studies are needed to understand if and why densities may be higher in anthropogenically disturbed areas.

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Tor soro, an endemic fish from North Sumatera, has a high economic value. Environmental damage causes a decreasing of Tor soro populations and leads to the extinction of these fishes in their natural habitat. Cryopreservation is an efficient strategy that can be used to minimize the problem. The success of this approach depends on how effective it is. This study to evaluate the fertilization of Tor soro using post cryopreservation spermatozoa 48 hours. The sperms collected by stripping, followed by the dilution using soluble liquid (fish ringer methanol 10%+skim milk) 1:9 comparison. The concentrations of the skim milk that is used in 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. The equilibration was carried out at the 5°C for 10 minutes before, then it kept frozen at the temperature of -10°C for 48 hours. The sperm thawing was carried out at the 40°C for 1 minute and one hundred egg cells (±1 g) were fertilized using 1.5ml of post cryopreservation sperm. The ANOVA test showed there was a fertility percentage effect of the skim milk on the frozen sperm. The 10% skim milk give an optimum with the highest fertility of (p<0.05) with 91.25±2.22% and motility (p<0.05) in 10% with 82.90±1.40%.

Morphometric study of mantis shrimp Harpiosquilla harpax (De Haan, 1844) Corresponding author: alaksono@sci.ui.ac.id Abstract. Heat stress in cattle welfare is a growing concern because of increase in ambient temperature due to global warming. Physiological adaptation is as a way to survive and reproduce by regulation internal body temperature. West Sumbawa is a dry tropic area in eastern Indonesia where its temperature range is 24-38 °C and relative humidity is 50-90 %. This study aimed to determine the physiological response of indigenous cattle i.e. Bali cattle and Sumbawa Ongole cattle to the environment in West Sumbawa. Skin and rectal temperature and respiration rate within one minute were measured as physiology profiles from seven Bali cattle and two Sumbawa Ongole cattle. They were measured every 7.00 am and 15.00 pm for five consecutive days in August 2016. The results of measurements physiology profiles differ significantly between morning and afternoon among cattle breeds. Body temperature and respiration rate were significantly different among breeds (p < 0.05). Body temperature was lower but respiration rate of Sumbawa Ongole was higher than Bali cattle. Increased respiration rate of breeds was positively correlated with Temperature and Humidity Index (THI) value (p < 0.05), but neither was body temperature. Physiological response of Bali cattle to environmental West Sumbawa through the increase in body temperature, whereas Sumbawa Ongole cattle through increasing in respiration rate.

Kancra fish, also known as Batak fish, is often used in North Sumatera in traditional ceremonies. Nevertheless, overfishing has led to a decrease in its population. Cryopreservation is a strategy that might be effectively used to solve this problem. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of various concentrations of quail egg yolk on the spermatozoa motility of kancra fish after 48-hours of cryopreservation. The concentration of quail egg yolk were 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. The sperm of kancra fish were collected using the stripping method and was diluted with the quail egg yolk, fish ringer, and 10% methanol. It was then equilibrated for 10 minutes at a temperature of 5° C before being frozen at -10 °C for 48 hours. Thawing was carried out at 40 °C for 1 minute. The motility was analyzed using ANOVA and proceeded by Tukey test. The ANOVA test showed the use of various concentrations of quail egg yolk has a significant effect (p<0.05) on the spermatozoa motility of kancra fish after cryopreservation. The concentration of 10% of quail egg yolk showed the highest spermatozoa motility (85.10 ± 1.51%) after 48-hours of cryopreservation (p<0.05).

Kancra (Tor soro) is a freshwater endemic fish found in specific place of Indonesia, with a drastic decrease in its population due to the varying gonad maturity times between males and females. However, the use of cryopreservation is effective for the synchronization of their gametes using cryoprotectants. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of honey concentration (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) using 10% of methanol in the spermatozoa motility of kancra fish 48 hours after cryopreservation. The study was conducted in the Research and Development Institute for Freshwater Fish Genetic Resources (Balai Besar Perikanan Budidaya Ikan Tawar, BBPBAT), in Cijeruk, Bogor, West Java. The sperm were collected through the stripping method followed by the evaluation of spermatozoa motility 48 hours after cryopreservation. Furthermore, it was equilibrated for 10 minutes at a temperature of 5 ºC, frozen at 10 ºC for 48 hours, and thawed for 1 minute at 40 ºC. The data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by the Tukey test. Additionally, the ANOVA test showed that honey had effects (P<0.05) on the motility percentage after cryopreservation with a 5% optimum concentration using 85.97±1.91%.