Modelling the habitat use and distribution of the threatened Javan slow loris Nycticebus javanicus

Voskamp, Alke; Rode, E. Johanna; Coudrat, Camille N. Z.; Wirdateti, .; Abinawanto, .; Wilson, Robert J.; Nekaris, K. Anne-Isola

doi:10.3354/esr00574

Cited by 61 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…We observed slow lorises in the surroundings of 8 villages, and their presence was confirmed in 3 additional villages (Cibuan, Cisitu, Pangandaran) (see Voskamp et al 2014). It is unclear whether slow lorises can be found near the village of Cipanas: we did not observe them, and information received from informants was ambiguous.…”

Section: Knowledge Traditions and Taboosmentioning

confidence: 75%

Traditions, taboos and trade in slow lorises in Sundanese communities in southern Java, Indonesia

Nijman¹,

Nekaris²

2014

Endang. Species. Res.

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For endangered species management a shared understanding of the different beliefs, opinions and factual knowledge that local people hold towards the target species is imperative. To take these views into account, detailed assessments need to be made of how they differ between individuals, and, crucially, what beliefs and views are shared. These assessments require an ethnozoological approach, using tools from both the natural and the social sciences. Here we focus on the beliefs, opinions and knowledge about Javan slow lorises Nycticebus javanicus in 12 Sundanese communities of West Java, Indonesia. Javan slow lorises are small, nocturnal, venomous primates that are threatened by habitat loss and over-exploitation for the illegal pet trade. Based on detailed interviews with 79 informants from June 2011 to June 2013, and using cluster and cultural domain analyses, we identify and document 5 different topics, i.e. trade and exploitation, taboos against disturbing or capturing, venomous primates, blood myths and mystical powers. The most salient topics were factual (activity pattern, habitat use) or related to the taboo on collecting or disturbing slow lorises. In communities with strong traditions, taboos and beliefs in place, slow lorises were found in seemingly unlikely habitats, in or adjacent to the villages; where these beliefs were absent, slow lorises were less known to the communities, and the slow lorises were either less abundant or extirpated. We conclude that it is imperative that any conservation programme implemented in West Java, be it management, mitigation, or education, must take into account the traditions, beliefs and taboos regarding slow lorises.

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Section: Knowledge Traditions and Taboosmentioning

confidence: 75%

Traditions, taboos and trade in slow lorises in Sundanese communities in southern Java, Indonesia

Nijman¹,

Nekaris²

2014

Endang. Species. Res.

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“…However, our focus was to check the presence of the species outside its known distribution range as revealed during our field survey. Thus, the distribution map given by the MaxEnt model predicting areas of unknown occurrence will make it easier to plan a survey for exploring the presence of H. leuconedys with greater confidence Voskamp et al, 2014]. Furthermore, another important advantage of using MaxEnt modelling is that this model can be quickly and easily updated and improved as more information about species presence becomes available [Ortega-Huerta and Peterson, 2004;Guisan and Thuiller, 2005;Graham and Hijmans, 2006].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Suitable Habitats for the Vulnerable Eastern Hoolock Gibbon, Hoolock leuconedys, in India Using the MaxEnt Model

Sarma¹,

Kumar²,

Krishna³

et al. 2015

IJFP

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The eastern hoolock gibbon, Hoolock leuconedys, is categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List and assessed as a Schedule I species of the Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1972 in India. We predict the potential habitat of H. leuconedys in the state of Arunachal Pradesh, India, using the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) distribution modelling algorithm. The model was developed using 90 known localities of H. leuconedys in the state. Nineteen environmental parameters along with 12 normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) layers, elevation and land use and land cover (LULC) were used in the modelling. Amongst the environmental input variables, the precipitation of the coldest quarter (BIO 19) had the highest contribution to the model (26.03%) and the twelve NDVI layers collectively contributed 60.91%. Two districts, Lower Dibang Valley and Lohit, which are known to contain H. leuconedys, occupied 64.75% of the predicted distribution area of the species. Thus, we aid in the identification of suitable areas for the reintroduction program of H. leuconedys that is planned by the Gibbon Conservation Breeding Centre, Biological Park, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India.

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“…data). Indeed, much of the forest left on Java where slow lorises are found is at altitudes above 1000 m Voskamp et al, 2014). We thus examined the effect of lunar illumination and temperature on activity of the Javan slow loris at a high altitude site replete with numerous potential predators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of climate and moonlight on a venomous mammal, the Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus Geoffroy, 1812)

Rode-Margono

Nekaris

2014

CTOZ

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Predation pressure, food availability, and activity may be affected by level of moonlight and climatic conditions. While many nocturnal mammals reduce activity at high lunar illumination to avoid predators (lunarphobia), most visually-oriented nocturnal primates and birds increase activity in bright nights (lunarphilia) to improve foraging efficiency. Similarly, weather conditions may influence activity level and foraging ability. We examined the response of Javan slow lorises (Nycticebus javanicus Geoffroy, 1812) to moonlight and temperature. We radio-tracked 12 animals in West Java, Indonesia, over 1.5 years, resulting in over 600 hours direct observations. We collected behavioural and environmental data including lunar illumination, number of human observers, and climatic factors, and 185 camera trap nights on potential predators. Nycticebus javanicus reduced active behaviours in bright nights. Although this might be interpreted as a predator avoidance strategy, animals remained active when more observers were present. We did not find the same effect of lunar illumination on two potential predators. We detected an interactive effect of minimum temperature and moonlight, e.g. in bright nights slow lorises only reduce activity when it is cold. Slow lorises also were more active in higher humidity and when it was cloudy, whereas potential predators were equally active across conditions. As slow lorises are well-adapted to avoid/defend predators by crypsis, mimicry and the possession of venom, we argue that lunarphobia may be due to prey availability. In bright nights that are cold, the combined effects of high luminosity and low temperature favour reduced activity and even torpor. We conclude that Javan slow lorises are lunarphobic -just as the majority of mammals.

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Modelling the habitat use and distribution of the threatened Javan slow loris Nycticebus javanicus

Cited by 61 publications

References 47 publications

Traditions, taboos and trade in slow lorises in Sundanese communities in southern Java, Indonesia

Traditions, taboos and trade in slow lorises in Sundanese communities in southern Java, Indonesia

Predicting Suitable Habitats for the Vulnerable Eastern Hoolock Gibbon, Hoolock leuconedys, in India Using the MaxEnt Model

Impact of climate and moonlight on a venomous mammal, the Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus Geoffroy, 1812)

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