Background. Deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) particle is the commonly used bone graft substitute in implant surgery which is mainly osteoconductive and has very slow degradation. Demineralized freeze-dried bovine bone xenograft (DFDBBX) particle is being developed as a novel xenogeneic bone filler. Objectives. The study aimed to analyze osteogenic activity and bone-forming capacity of DFDBBX particles compared to DBBM particles in alveolar bone defects in rabbit mandibles models. Material and Methods. This study investigated bone defects whether filled with DBBM particles or DFDBBX particles or left unfilled in 30 rabbit mandibles. Specimens were processed for histology, immunohistochemistry, and micro-CT scanning. Statistical difference was set at a p value < 0.05. Results. The quantitative assessment showed a significantly lower number of osteoclasts and a higher number of osteoblasts in the DFDBBX group compared to the DBBM group in 2 and 4 weeks ( p < 0.05 ). Immunostaining analyses showed significantly higher expression of RUNX2, collagen type I, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin in the DFDBBX group compared to the DBBM group in 2 and 4 weeks. Bone healing score in the DFDBBX group was comparable to the DBBM group. Micro-CT presented no significant difference in the volume percentage of the mineralized tissue in the DBBM and DFDBBX groups in spite of the different healing patterns in both groups. Conclusion. DFDBBX particles induced higher osteoblastic activities than DBBM particles at the early stage of healing. Meanwhile, the capacity of bone formation in DFDBBX particles was comparable with DBBM particles at the later stage of healing. Considering the limitation of this study, the results presented DFDBBX particles as potential bone filler candidates.

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Background Implant placement in defective anterior maxilla poses a great challenge regarding functional and aesthetic outcomes. Therefore, it requires predictable alveolar ridge augmentation. Deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) particle has commonly been used for bone grafting. However, it is associated with low resorption rates which potentially compromise the outcome of horizontal augmentation in conjunction with implant placement. Aims This study is aimed at evaluating the stability of tissue augmented with DBBM particle associated with implant placement in the anterior maxilla. Materials and Methods The inclusive criteria consist of patients being treated with guided bone regeneration (GBR) incorporating the use of DBBM particles with either a simultaneous or staged approach. The parameters analyzed include the implant survival rate, post-GBR clinical stability based on tissue resorption level, and the tissue stability between simultaneous and staged approaches. Statistical analysis using Mann-Whitney test is performed with significance determined at p value < 0.05. Results Seventeen patients with 23 implant placements satisfy the criteria for this study. Simultaneous approach is adopted in 18 (78.3%) implants and a staged approach in 5 (21.7%) implants. The implant survival rate is 100%. The evaluation of horizontal tissue stability reveals a low resorption level in 19 (82.6%) implants, while moderate and high resorption levels are found in 3 (13.0%) and 1 (4.3%) implants, respectively. The statistical analysis shows that the simultaneous approach produces significantly (p = 0.005) lower resorption level compared to the staged approach. Conclusion Horizontal ridge augmentation using DBBM particles associated with implant placement in the anterior maxilla produces good clinical stability. The stability appears to be higher in the simultaneous approach compared to the staged approach.

Background: The mandible is one of the bones most affected by facial fractures commonly resulting from trauma to the face. The ultimate goal of treatment is to re-establish the pre-injury dental occlusion (bite), mandibular anatomy and jaw function of the patient. Treatment approaches range from conservative non-invasive management by ’closed’ reduction and immobilization using intermaxillary fixation (IMF) to the more invasive surgery-based ’open’ reduction incorporating an internal fixation approach. Purpose: The purpose of this case series was to describe the close reduction method as a form of treatment in cases of neglected mandibular fracture. Cases: Four cases of single or multiple mandibular fracture were presented. Case management: All of the cases were managed using a closed reduction method and IMF. Conclusion: A closed reduction method in this case series produced encouraging results and could be considered an alternative in the treatment of neglected mandibular fractures with displacement.

Background: Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell is a promising source of allogenous MSC with great chondrogenic differentiation capacity. Meanwhile, platelet rich fibrin (PRF) is a natural fibrin matrix, rich in growth factors, forming a smooth and flexible fibrin network, supporting cytokines and cell migration, thus can be used as a scaffold that facilitate the differentiation of MSC. However, the differential capability of MSC cultured in PRF was still poorly understood. Method:We studied in vitro differentiation potential of MSC cultured in PRF by evaluating several markers such as FGF 18, Sox 9, type II collagen, aggrecan in 3 different culture medium. Result: The result showed that there was positive expression of FGF 18, Sox 9, type II collagen, aggrecan in all medium of in vitro culture. Conclusion: MSC cultured from human umbilical cord had the capacity of chondrogenic differentiation and able to produce cartilage extracellular matrix in vitro which means that hUCMSC is a potential allogeneic MSC for cartilage regeneration.