Abstract:The study examines whether English and Indonesian research articles written by their respective native speaker scholars are significantly different from each other in terms of the number of hedges used. Hedges are rhetorical features (e.g. may, perhaps, suggest) used to withhold complete commitment to the truth-value of propositions. The ultimate goal of the study is to examine whether Indonesian scholars need special instruction in hedging propositions. The assumption underlying the present study is that when they write in English, Indonesian scholars will deploy rhetorical features inherent in the Indonesian academic writing. Statistical analysis on 52 Applied Linguistics research articles (26 from each language) reveals that English research articles contain significantly more hedges than their Indonesian counterparts (Mann-Whitney U = 68.00, n1 = n2 = 26, p < 0.05, r = -0.69), suggesting that Indonesian scholars are indeed in need of instruction that specifically focuses on hedging propositions in English.
This research aimed at knowing the effectiveness of online learning design with an e-portfolio approach in increasing self-efficacy in speaking ability. Seventy-seven students were involved in this study. They are in the second semester of a vocational college in Business Administration Department in the academic year 2020/2021. This research is experimental research with implementing paired samples t-test as the measurement tool in knowing the effectiveness of e-portfolio based learning by finding the t score and the sig value before and after the implementation of the teaching method. The result of this study showed that e-portfolio based learning had a significant effect on the student's self-efficacy in their speaking ability. It was indicated by the value of the sig and t result from paired samples t-test analysis which was showed 0.000 as the sig value and -20.551 as the t count. The result of sig value which is below 0.05 and the t-count which is above t-table were clear indicators to argue that e-portfolio significantly impacted the student's self-efficacy in speaking ability. In this case, the variables of self-efficacy in speaking ability were improved significantly by the implementation of e-portfolio based learning. Even the implementation of e-portfolio brings many positive impacts on the students, some limitations lie on this method implementation. The limitation of this method lies in the time execution and the number of students who are taught by the lecturer.
English is one of the primary subject that was taught in Electronic Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bali, which includes speaking, writing and listening. Other than speaking, writing also become one of the most challenging subject in Electronic Engineering. To overcome the low writing skills of students and create pleasant learning atmosphere during the Covid 19 Pandemic, the authors want to try out learning method, namely Cooperative Learning Method with online media in the form of whatsapp. This research is a quantitative research with quasi experimental approach. The groups used in this study consist of two groups namely the experimental group using Whatsapp Cooperative Learning methods and the control grouos using the conventional method. The data collection technique in this study was in the form of a questionnaire and given to the students in both classes. From the data, it can be concluded that learning with the Whatsapp Cooperative Learning method is more effective to be used in teaching writing. It can be seen from the value of 2 of -2, 087 with Sig 0,037< 0,05 means that there is significant difference between the control class and the experimental class. This significant difference can be said as the result of the use of Whatsapp Cooperative Learning in class.
The present study was aimed at examining whether grammatical accuracy was a significant predictor of use of request strategy (direct or indirect) in second language performance. Participants were 39 seventh semester students (29 males and 10 females) majoring in International Business Management at one public higher education institution in Bali. Their English proficiency levels ranged from pre-intermediate to intermediate. The participants were asked to write an e-mail based on a situation carefully designed so as to necessitate the use of indirect strategy. Grammatical accuracy was operationalized as average score per T-unit. The head act of each request was coded as either direct or indirect. Binary logistic regression was conducted on the data with significance level being set at p < .05. The result revealed that grammatical accuracy was not a significant predictor of request strategy use (Wald = 0.00, df = 1, p = 0.96). This result indicates that the odds for using indirect strategy are similar regardless of level of levels of grammatical accuracy.
No study has investigated the relationship between student engagement per se and student motivation within second language (L2) pragmatics, notwithstanding the significance of engagement for L2 learning. The present study aimed to explore the effects of two global motivational orientations (autonomous and controlled motivations) on behavioral engagement within the perspective of L2 pragmatics by drawing on self-determination theory. A total of 76 college students agreed to participate and were requested to fill out a tailor-made, 34-item, 6-point Likert-scale questionnaire. The results of data analysis using standard multiple linear regression revealed that both Autonomous and Controlled Motivations significantly predicted and explained a large amount of variance in Engagement, F(2, 71) = 161.28, p < .01, R2 = .82, adjusted R2 = .81, and that the effect of Controlled Motivation, B = .33, t(71) = 8.05, p < .01, was twice as large as that of Autonomous Motivation, B = .16, t(71) = 4.91, p < .01. These findings indicate that students’ controlled motivation is more powerful in enhancing their engagement in learning L2 pragmatics. Pedagogically, it implies that teachers should bolster students’ motivation to learn L2 pragmatics, which can eventually lead to their increased engagement.
Assessment in the learning process in formal education in terms of assessing student competence does not only cover cognitive aspects and affective aspects, but also psychomotor aspects of students. The purpose of this study is to improve student competency and performance based on the development of a performance-based assessment rubric in the practicum conducted at Kupang State Polytechnic. This study involved a large group of students in the wooden practicum at the civil engineering workshop in Kupang State Polytechnic, and carried out in several stages, namely needs analysis, material development, instrument development, drafting of models, instrument testing, and calculation of learning effects. Performance-based assessment in this study uses rubric in assessing student competencies in the civil engineering workshop in terms of cognitive aspects, affective aspects and psychomotor aspects, and then tested the validity of the assessment rubric.Based on the validity test, 35 valid statement items from the 35 items in the performance-based assessment rubric were produced, this was indicated by the Cronbach alpha value equal to 0.981. In the expert trial involving 8 experts in providing assessment, the CVI value = 0.80, which means that the assessment instrument can be used in the trial group. After learning the practicum students have a treatment effect, the results show that there are significant differences in student test results for untreated (using old method) with those treated (using a new assessment tool). The score generally increases by 20.4%. It was concluded that assessment methods that were improved using new instruments could improve students' competence during the workshop. Therefore, it is recommended that this new instrument for assessment be used in future workshops.
In an era where learning cannot be separated from technology, there are various Android-based applications that are very helpful, interesting and make learning adapt to the learner's time. Learning media is the learning source component that is able to stimulate students to study (Arsyad: 2005). In this paper the learning media is application. One such application is the Cake application. This application is a learning application that deserves to be tested because it has several advantages. One of the advantages of using learning applications is that there is no limited space and time for learners to learn. Learning is no longer limited to lecture rooms or lecture time. learning can be anytime and anywhere. The purpose of this research is to find out whether the Cake application has an effect on students who use it, especially in the speaking field, more specifically the pronunciation. This research is a type of quantitative research with a quasi-experimental approach. The design used is "Pretest – Posttest Non-Equivalent Control Group Design". The groups used in this study amounted to 2 groups, namely the experimental group using online learning and the control group using online learning as well but added with the application of Cake. In this study, according to determine the experimental class and control class, random assignment was done, namely, the selection was made randomly to choose the class. This research will provide benefits for teachers who want to try to apply the method so that it will be a reference later in the future.
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