Indonesia is an agricultural country. Agricultural land still extends throughout the archipelago. In modern times, there are many agricultural lands that have been done with machine tools, like the rice paddy hand tractor. Hand tractors are widely used in rural or inland rice fields. Its function is to plow the land or to loosen paddy fields before planting rice. In Bali the agricultural sector is also the basis of the economy in addition to the tourism sector and small industry. Rice fields in the area of Bali in the processing of many land use hand tractors. It should also be noted that although machine tools are designed to provide convenience for farmers, on the other hand it also has a negative influence on farmers as its users. One of the effects is that this machine makes a loud noise, causes vibration, and heavy besides the work is actually done under the intense direct sunlight. For this reason an observational study was carried out on 20 farmers or field workers who had used hand tractors in 5 regencies in Bali. We aim to evaluate the workload, through the measurement of pulse, ECPT (extra calorie due to peripheral temperature), ECPM (extra calorie due to peripheral metabolism), engine vibration, noise, wind speed, ambient temperature and humidity. The results showed that the workload of farmers was classified as heavy, ECPT> ECPM, an increase in muscle complaints and general fatigue in farmers. For this reason, an ergonomic intervention is needed for farmers cultivating rice fields in Tabanan Regency. Because ECPT> ECPM, in the ergonomics intervention, the environment influences such as noise, vibration, machine weight, solar heat must be kept as small as possible so as to reduce the workload of farmers.
Assessment in the learning process in formal education in terms of assessing student competence does not only cover cognitive aspects and affective aspects, but also psychomotor aspects of students. The purpose of this study is to improve student competency and performance based on the development of a performance-based assessment rubric in the practicum conducted at Kupang State Polytechnic. This study involved a large group of students in the wooden practicum at the civil engineering workshop in Kupang State Polytechnic, and carried out in several stages, namely needs analysis, material development, instrument development, drafting of models, instrument testing, and calculation of learning effects. Performance-based assessment in this study uses rubric in assessing student competencies in the civil engineering workshop in terms of cognitive aspects, affective aspects and psychomotor aspects, and then tested the validity of the assessment rubric.Based on the validity test, 35 valid statement items from the 35 items in the performance-based assessment rubric were produced, this was indicated by the Cronbach alpha value equal to 0.981. In the expert trial involving 8 experts in providing assessment, the CVI value = 0.80, which means that the assessment instrument can be used in the trial group. After learning the practicum students have a treatment effect, the results show that there are significant differences in student test results for untreated (using old method) with those treated (using a new assessment tool). The score generally increases by 20.4%. It was concluded that assessment methods that were improved using new instruments could improve students' competence during the workshop. Therefore, it is recommended that this new instrument for assessment be used in future workshops.
Overtime is defined as work carried out by employees, on the basis of orders from superiors, which exceeds normal working hours on weekdays, or work carried out on employees' weekly rest days or official holidays. The time and overtime pay are already regulated in Law Number 13 year 2003 concerning Employment, and Decree of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration of the Republic of Indonesia Number 102/Men/VI/2004. A worker who often overtime will get additional income along with the amount of overtime. So that if it is associated with the theory of family welfare that the amount of income will provide the potential to improve family welfare, or it could be said that the income will affect the welfare of the workers. To see firsthand how the effect of overtime work on family welfare was observed at CV "X" in Bali. CV "X" is engaged in the industry of sandals, shoes and bags. Observations were made to prove the effect of overtime work on family welfare in terms of income and social aspects. This research was conducted with observational methods, interviews with workers who were married and often received overtime, and literature studies. Literature study is associated with the results of previous studies. The respondents were 27 people who were all married. From the results concluded (a) Overtime work has a significant and positive influence on family welfare in terms of income aspects of workers at CV "X" in Bali, (b) overtime work has a significant influence but an inverse effect (negative) on family welfare in terms of social aspects at CV "X" in Bali.
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