Pragmatic transfer, an emerging part of interlanguage pragmatics (ILP), has been receiving serious attention from applied linguists currently. This study was aimed at investigating pragmatic errors and pragmatic transfer learners made and effect of second language (L2) proficiency to their pragmatic transfer. Eighteen students of Darmasiswa who have been learning Indonesian language and culture form Bali State Polytechnic (PNB) and from Teacher Training Institute of Saraswati Tabanan, Bali, Indonesia were involved as research participants. Discourse completion test (DCT) consisting of nine situations designed with sociocultural aspect of power, distance, and rank of imposition (PDR) was used to elicit data of refusal strategies. The data were analysed to see pragmatic errors, pragmatic transfer, and effect of L2 proficiency on participants’ pragmatic transfer. Result of analysis revealed that learners’ pragmatic competence was still low. They were pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic errors made dealing with Indonesian noun phrase (NP) structure, the use of verb, noun, prepositions which are very different from English patterns. Moreover, pragmatic transfer was frequently made due to learners’ shortage of L2 pragmatic proficiency and learners’ L1 cultural knowledge. In addition, learners’ pragmatic transfer was found to be strongly influenced by learners’ L2 proficiency.
Abstract.There have been a number of ideas on how task-based language teaching (TBLT) is applied in English instruction. This research attempted to investigate how the task-based language teaching (TBLT) should appropriately be implemented in vocational college. A group of twenty eight students majoring in tourism were involved as research participant. Prior to treatment, they were given pre-test (T1) to see their basic level. The test, assessment rubric, learning materials, and learning syntax were developed and validated by an expert judge prior to their use. The treatment using task-based learning materials and learning syntax stages of "leading in -enriching -activating -naturalizing" (LEAN) was undertaken for three times. The post test (T2) was then given two days upon treatment to avoid their being able to answer the test because they just still remember of the materials during the learning. The analysis result of T1 and T2 using paired sample t-test showed that there was significant difference between means of T1 (M=6.14) and T2 (M=15.46), indicated by t (27) = -54.51, p < .05. Further development is recommended to use other English for specific purposes' materials and different research participant.
The dictionary of accounting terms plays an important role for students as an independent learning medium because it can make it easier for students to find vocabulary so they don't need to use a general dictionary. To increase the effectiveness of using a dictionary of accounting terms, an accounting term dictionary application that is integrated with mobile devices or mobile-based applications is needed so that it is easier for users to find the meaning of a term in the accounting field. This research focuses on developing a mobile-based dictionary of accounting terms that are used as a self-learning kit (SLK) in the process of teaching writing and analyzing its implementation. This SLK was built according to ADDIE Model's adaptation. The application was built using the Waterfall method, Dart programming language, and Flutter framework. The implementation phase was carried out in a preexperimental design so that quantitative data was obtained. Quantitative data were obtained from the statistical analysis of pre-test and post-test essays written by twenty-seven students before and after a selflearning kit (dictionary application) was implemented in learning. SPSS Statistics 25 program was used to analyze the results of pre-test and post-test evaluations in order to investigate the impact of using digital dictionaries on improving student performance. Meanwhile, qualitative data was obtained from an online questionnaire in the form of a google form consisting of scale-type questions and paragraph-type questions. The responses gathered from the questionnaire were examined to investigate student perceptions of the use of a mobile-based accounting term dictionary in learning writing competence. The analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data shows that students gained enriched experience in learning writing, had improvement in their writing competence. Students also gave positive responses in the aspects of the application's compatibility, feature, content, and overall usability.
Even though a dictionary is said to be more important to be used while students are reading and writing than speaking, but its existence among learners is undebatable. This need becomes much greater when learners are faced with specific terms in certain sciences, such as the science of Financial Accounting. This study aims to determine the students’ perceptions of the existence of the Bilingual Dictionary of Financial Accounting Terminology, entitled: Kamus Istilah Dwibahasa Akuntansi Keuangan. A questionnaire consisting of 17 questions was distributed to 28 students of a bilingual class in the Accounting Department of a state higher education institution in Bali. The questionnaire was distributed in the form of Google Form, while the dictionary that had been planned given in printed version, finally given in the form of a simple e-Dictionary, due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The results of the questionnaire obtained were then analyzed to determine students’ perceptions of this bilingual dictionary. It is found that students were very happy with the existence of this dictionary. This can be seen from the positive responses given to almost all statements raised, which involved 3 aspects, namely: dictionary design, dictionary content, and mechanical aspects, i.e.: matters related to writing, structure, and spelling. Furthermore, the result also shows that the dictionary is able to give bits of help in the students’ learning processes and to motivate students to be more creative in using vocabulary, especially the financial accounting terminology.
The concept of Merdeka Belajar and Kampus Merdeka has been attracting much attention of language lecturers and researchers in higher education institution. The program of Ministry of Education and Culture Republic of Indonesia contributes to some questions on how the English learning should be designed and undertaken. This article would like to address how the teaching of English for vocational purposes (EVP) in polytechnic vocational institution. Specifically, it was in an attempt to develop of EVP teaching model. In this study the focus was given to the development of model, including developing material, leaning syntax and assessment tool. Material development included that of module used to facilitate the learning of EVP at vocational university. The result of the development pursuant to in the-class short experiment involving students successfully contributed that the development of visible, compatible and applicable vocational education materials consists of Snapshot, Project Preparation, Gathering Information, building up a Dialog, Making Dialog Using the Given Card, and Role Play. The lesson plan or learning syntax contained four main stages, such as preparation, realization, presentation and evaluation. And the assessment tool comprised of card and scoring rubric. Stages of learning include 'inventorying expressions or sentence structures', 'building a dialog', 'performing dialog', and 'giving feedback'. This was a stage where concept of learning language based on project activity was merely explained. It was emphasized in order for the students to really comprehend how the approach works, what processes were required to pass, and what purpose was lied behind it. The activity aimed at connecting students' (prior) knowledge with context. In addition, students were trained to finally build up a new concept using their prior knowledge.
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