Calliandra ( Calliandra calothyrsus Meissn.) is a leguminous shrubs that almost spread throughout the area of Bali island, especially the area of Baturiti, Tabanan. The ethanol extract of 80% of C. calothyrsus leaves is a potential source of exogenous estrogen in terms of its phytoestrogen content. Potential extract of potassium which is very useful can be consumed in the form of phytopharmaca preparations. One of the requirements to prepare the formulation of phytopharmaceutical preparations should be done related to phytochemical screening and standardization of raw materials. This study aims to perform phytochemical screening and standardization of 80% ethanolic extract of C. calothyrsus leaves. Phytochemical screening can provide an overview of chemical compounds which are contained in C. calothyrsus leaf extracts to their activity. The standardization of extracts will ensure the quality of raw materials extract to be used. The leaf extraction of 80% ethanol yielded as much as 21.85%. Phytochemical screening showed that 80% positive ethanol extracts contained flavonoid group compounds. The powder standardization obtained 8.35% of water content. While the extracts standardization obtained 5.26% of extract water content. The total ash content of the extract was obtained 4.54% and the acid soluble ash content was 0.5%. The ethanol extract of 80% C. calothyrsus leaf has met the standardization of raw material extract.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek neuroprotektif ekstrak daun pepaya (Carica papaya L.) terhadap sel piramidal di hipokampus dan korteks serebri mencit (Mus musculus L.) yang diinduksi Trimetiltin serta untuk mengetahui dosis optimum ekstrak daun pepaya yang bersifat neuroprotektif. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan lima perlakuan yang terdiri dari K+ (hanya diinduksi TMT dosis 0,6 mg/kgBB), K- (hanya diberikan Na-CMC 0,5%), P1 (diinduksi TMT dan diberi ekstrak daun pepaya dosis 500 mg/kgBB), P2 (diinduksi TMT dan diberi ekstrak daun pepaya dosis 1000 mg/kgBB), P3 (diinduksi TMT dan diberi ekstrak daun pepaya dosis 2000 mg/kgBB). Parameter yang diamati adalah nekrosis sel piramidal dan persentase kerusakan sel piramidal pada hipokampus dan korteks serebri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi penurunan persentase kerusakan sel piramidal di hipokampus pada P1 sebesar 26,46%, P2 sebesar 28,91%, dan P3 sebesar 26,67%. Persentase kerusakan sel piramidal di korteks serebri mengalami penurunan pada P1 sebesar 9,62%, P2 sebesar 11,14%, dan P3 sebesar 14,88%. Dosis optimum ekstrak daun pepaya yang bersifat neuroprotektif adalah dosis 2000 mg/kgBB (P3). Kata kunci: daun pepaya, TMT, neuroprotektif, nekrosis, hipokampus
INTISARIDaun ekor naga (Rhapidhophora pinnata, Schott ) merupakan tanaman yang sering digunakan sebagai obat tradisional untuk penyakit hipertensi, stroke dan kanker. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun ekor naga(Rhapidhophora pinnata, Schott) terhadap struktur histologi hati mencit (Mus musculusL). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan menggunakan 28 ekor mencit betina yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok P0 (kontrol) diberikan NaCL dan kelompok P1, P2 dan P3 diberikan ekstrak daun ekor naga dengan dosis berturut-turut 50, 100 dan 150 mg/KgBB selama 14 hari secara oral (gavage). Mencit dibedah pada hari ke-15 untuk diambil hatinya kemudian diamati kerusakan berupa degenerasi lemak, degenerasi hidropis dan nekrosis. Data dianalisis dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan nyata antara kelompok kontrol dengan perlakuan terhadap parameter degenerasi lemak, hidropis dan nekrosis, namun ditemukan adanya hemoragi, kongesti dan infiltrasi sel radang.Kata kunci :Rhapidhophora pinnata Schott,hati, mencit ABSTRACT Rhapidhophora pinnata, Schott is a traditional medical plant that has been use remedy for treatment of hypertension, stroke. Aims of this research is to determine the effect of Rhapidhophora pinnata Schott leaf extract toward mouse (Mus musculus L) liverhistological structure. This research used completely randomized design with 28 female mice that were divide into 4 groups of P0 (control) received 0,9% NaCl, group P1, P2, and P3 received 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg bw respectively by oral administration. The treatment were given daily for 14 days. All of the mice were sacrificed by ether after 15 days. The liver were examined for their histopathological changes, namely fatty degeneration, hydropic degenaration and necrosis. Results were statistically analised by Kruskal-Wallis method. Treatment groups showed no significant differences with regard of liver histopatological changes, however hemorrhage, sinusoid congestion and inflamatory cell infiltration were found in liver.
Kapuk randu (Ceiba pentandra Gaertn.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang memiliki banyak manfaat untuk masyarakat. Tanaman ini dimanfaatkan sebagai penahan tanah dari erosi, tanaman peneduh, bahan pengisi kasur dan pakan ternak. Saat ini biji kapuk randu banyak dikembangkan sebagai bahan obat kontrasepsi herbal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas ekstrak biji kapuk randu (Ceiba pentandra Gaertn.) terhadap perilaku kawin tikus (Rattus norvegicus) jantan. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 kelompok perlakuan dan 8 ulangan yaitu P0 (aquades dan tween 80), P1 (0,07 mg/kg BB ekstrak biji kapuk randu), P2 (0,12 mg/kg BB ekstrak biji kapuk randu), P3(0,24 mg/kg BB ekstrak biji kapuk randu). Pemberian perlakuan ekstrak biji kapuk dilakukan selama 33 hari dengan pengamatan perilaku kawin dilakukan 3 hari sekali. Parameter yang diamati untuk menilai adanya perilaku kawin adalah jumlah kissing vagina, jumlah mount jumlah intromission. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak biji kapuk randu memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap perilaku kawin tikus jantan yang ditunjukkan dengan menurunnya jumlah kissing vagina, jumlah mount dan jumlah intromission tikus jantan kelompok perlakuan.
Nusa Dua is a popular tourist resort in Bali, where many hotels and other tourist facilities were built. In this resort, the sewage is centralized processed in a Sewage Treatment Ponds called “Unit Pengolahan Air Limbah PT ITDC” which is also often called Lagoon Nusa Dua. Nusa Dua sewage treatment ponds have 5 units of ponds, namely Pond 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, and Pond 3. In ponds 2B and 3, tilapia fish (Oreochromis mossambicus Linn.) was raised as a water quality bio-indicator. The aim of this research was to determine the histology condition of the gill of tilapia fish that raised in the Nusa Dua sewage tretment ponds which were then used as an indicator of water quality in these ponds. The research employed a complete randomized design in which 16 samples were taken from two sampling sites with eight replications. Results of this research showed that histologic changes of the gill that were observed including edemas, fusions, and hyperplasias of secondary lamellas as well as telangiectases. Keywords: Nusa Dua sewage, Oreochromis mossambicus L., gills, histology, bioindicator
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