It has been conducted a research that aims to determine the ratio of essential oil content of citronella stalks (Cymbopogon nardus Rendle L.) grown in the lowlands of Denpasar and the highlands of Bedugul. The experiment was conducted by using experimental designs. The parameters measured were the volume and the level of citronella oil produced. The sample preparation of powdered citronella stalks was as much as 200 grams, macerated with 96% ethanol and evaporated with Vacuum rotary evaporator to form condensed extract. The research used quantitative methods. The volume of hydro distillation was to obtain a crude extract of citronella stalks and the identification of active compounds was conducted by using Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). It can be concluded that the levels of citronella essential oil stalks from the highland of Bedugul was higher than the lowland areas of Denpasar, while the quality of essential oil of the lowland of Denpasar was better than that of the Bedugul highland. The content of secondary metabolites of the results of GC-MS analysis obtained from the essential oils contained in the analyzed crude extract of citronella stalks namely the compound of Selina-6-en-4-ol (2287322), the compound of n-hexadecanoic acid (1238019) and the compound of Driman-8,11-diol from the lowland of Denpasar while the Selina compound-6-en-4-ol (1856137) from the highland of Bedugul.
Keywords: Citronella, essential oil content, altitude
Antifungal activity of the leaf extract of Mansoa alliacea against Colletotrichum acutatum the cause of anthracnose disease on chili pepper was be done. The antifungal activity was determined based on the effects of plant extract to the fungal growth, spore’s formation, spore’s germination and total biomass. Results of this study showed that the crude extract of Mansoa alliacea obviously inhibited the growth of Colletotrichum acutatum on PDA with MIC by 0.7% (w/v). Treatment with leaf extract of Mansoa alliacea significantly (P<0.05) inhibited the fungal growth, spore’s formation, spore’s germination and fungal biomass of Colletotrichum acutatum. The inhibitory activity for the colony radial growth, spore’s formation, spore’s germination, and fungal biomass were respectively ranged from 29.72 to 81.11%, 63.18 to 100%, 61.68 to 100% and 39.53 to 91.86%. This result suggested that the leaf extract of Mansoa alliacea contains the antifungal susbtances that responsable for the antifungal activity such as phenol and alkaloid, so this extract can be considered as one of alternative measures to control the anthracnose disease on chili pepper.
plastics on a large scale has an effect on the increase to the amount of world waste, such as High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)and Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) plastics. This study, tried to isolate Pseudomonas and Ochrobactrum bacteria from varioussoil in dumped soil area and mangrove forest in Bali to find out the degradation ability of the bacteria against HDPE and LDPEplastics. The methods used in this study were pour plate method, Biochemical and morphology identification by using Bergey’sManual of Determinative Bacteriology 9th Edition book as a reference, screening test and the determination of bacterial species byusing Vitek 2 Compact System. Evaluation of degradation result was done by measuring the weight loss of plastics residues. Thisstudy has isolated 27 bacteria that estimated from genus Pseudomonas and Ochrobactrum with characteristics as basil shape, Gramnegative, positive catalase and classified as non-fermenter bacteria. Isolate 2 bacteria which isolated from Suwung dumped soil hasidentified as Ochrobactrum anthropi with the ability of HDPE degradation by 20% and Isolate 24 which isolated from Karangasemdumped soil has identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the ability of HDPE degradation by 18,75%.Keywords : Plastics waste, Biodegradation, High Density Polyethylene and Low Density Polyetene
Efforts to reduce the negative impacts caused by the use of synthetic fungicides need to be done in implementing environmentally sustainable agriculture. The use of biofungicides should be done. The acetone extract of cinnamon leaves has the potential as a biofungicide. Based on this, a series of experiments were carried out: crude cinnamon extract test against the test fungus, i.e. the fungus causing Sigatoka disease in banana plants, MIC (Minimum Inhibiting Concntration) extract, effectiveness test of extract on colony, biomass, spore formation, and identification of cinnamon leaf extract content based on partition, column chromatography and GS-MS analysis. The rough extract of cinnamon leaves inhibited the growth of the Sigatoka fungi (P. fijiensis) in-vitro on PDA media with a diameter of 30 mm which means that this extract has a very strong inhibitory activity, with a MIC value of 0.5% (w/v). Treatment of extracts with concentrations between 0.1 and 0.5% significantly (P <0.05) inhibited the growth of fungal colonies, fungal biomass and fungal spore formation. There were 16 compounds found in the active fraction of cinnamon leaf extracts and 3 dominant compounds that are anti-fungal compounds, namely 1.2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono 2-ethyl (29%), 2H-I-Benzopyran-2- one (CAS) Coumarin (11.9%) and 2,6-Dimethyl-6-nitro-2-hepten-4-one (11.5%).
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