Bacterial Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus ATCCis a normal flora bacteria that naturally exist human body. This bacteria may by pathogenic if it exceeds acertain limits. To prevent the disease caused, need to be overcome by using herbal ingredients one of them is juwet leaves (Syzygiumcumini).The purpose of the study was to determine wheter the extract of juwet leaf (S. cumini) can inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus ATCC and to know compounds contained in juwet leaf extract (S. cumini). This research used diffusion wells methodwith 6 treatments and 4 replications. Date analysis using completely randomized design (CRD) with using ANOVA variance analysis. If the date obtained has a real difference test level at the 5% (P? 0,5) that continue with Duncan test. Concentration of the extract tested was 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 25% and 50%. Juwet leaf extract is able to inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus ATCC which is shown by the formation of clear zone. Concentration extract leaf which is effective to inhibit E. coli and S. aureus ATCC is the concentration 50% (18,9 mm) for E. coli and (16,5 mm) for S. aureus ATCC. Screening of phytochemical test of juwet leaf extract positive containing alkaloids, phenolic, steroids and saponins.   Keywords : juwet leaf extract (Syzygium cumini), Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC

Antifungal activity of the leaf extract of Mansoa alliacea against Colletotrichum acutatum the cause of anthracnose disease on chili pepper was be done. The antifungal activity was determined based on the effects of plant extract to the fungal growth, spore’s formation, spore’s germination and total biomass. Results of this study showed that the crude extract of Mansoa alliacea obviously inhibited the growth of Colletotrichum acutatum on PDA with MIC by 0.7% (w/v). Treatment with leaf extract of Mansoa alliacea significantly (P<0.05) inhibited the fungal growth, spore’s formation, spore’s germination and fungal biomass of Colletotrichum acutatum. The inhibitory activity for the colony radial growth, spore’s formation, spore’s germination, and fungal biomass were respectively ranged from 29.72 to 81.11%, 63.18 to 100%, 61.68 to 100% and 39.53 to 91.86%. This result suggested that the leaf extract of Mansoa alliacea contains the antifungal susbtances that responsable for the antifungal activity such as phenol and alkaloid, so this extract can be considered as one of alternative measures to control the anthracnose disease on chili pepper.

Background and Aim: Yellowfin tuna and swordfish are seafood commodities commonly caught from deep oceans worldwide. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the levels of three heavy metals, namely, cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) in yellowfin tuna and swordfish. The results are expected to provide consumers with information on the safety of consuming or exporting these fishes caught in the Hindian and Pacific Oceans. Materials and Methods: Fresh yellowfin and swordfish were obtained from fishermen’s catches in FAO Fishing Zone 57 (Indian Ocean) and 71 (Pacific Ocean) and then collected at Benoa Harbor, Bali Province. The comparative method was to evaluate the levels of heavy metals in each fish. Furthermore, heavy metal concentrations, including Pb, Cd, and Hg, were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy analysis. These results were then used to assess the safety of these fishes by calculating the estimated daily intake (EDI) and target hazard quotients-total target hazard quotients (THQs-TTHQs). Results: The analysis showed that none of the samples exceeded the threshold levels for the three heavy metals, which was specified by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) and European Commission Regulation (CR) No. 1881/2006. The EDI and provisional tolerable weekly index (PTWI) obtained in this study were still in the safe range. However, the PTWI values for Pb in yellowfin tuna product from the Indian Ocean were higher (0.0038 mg/kg) compared to the recommended standard for the adult population. The THQ-TTHQ values of fish caught from these oceans were also within the acceptable range specified by the two agencies, indicating that they are safe for consumption by people with various age groups and for export purposes. Conclusion: The average levels of three heavy metals (Cd, Pb, and Hg) in muscle samples of yellowfin tuna and swordfish caught from the Pacific and Hindian Oceans were within the acceptable range as specified by the SNI and CR No. 1881/2006. Furthermore, the EDI and THQs values indicated that fishes caught from the Pacific and Hindian Oceans were safe for consumption. This research is still limited to assessing two capture fisheries commodities. Further research is needed on the assessment of heavy metal levels in other capture fisheries commodities in this capture zone. Keywords: health risk assessment, heavy metal pollution, seafood products, Tuna.

Daun Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional. Penggunaan bahan alam sebagai obat secara umum dinilai lebih aman serta memiliki efek samping yang relatif lebih kecil dibandingkan penggunaan obat modern. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui elusidasi awal daya hambat ekstrak etanol daun ketapang terhadap pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 penyebab gingivitis,dan untuk mengetahui senyawa aktif yang terdapat pada Daun Ketapang.  Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 7 perlakuan konsentrasi ekstrak daun ketapang yaitu 1%, 2%,3%, 4%, 5%, kontrol positif (chlorexidine) dan kontrol negatif (etanol). Penentuan daya hambat ekstrak daun ketapang terhadap bakteri S. aureus menggunakan metode Kirby Beuer ditandai dengan terbentuknya zona bening akibat pemberian senyawa antibakteri yang berdifusi pada media tumbuh bakteri. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar pemberian konsentrasi ekstrak (5%) maka semakin besar zona hambat yang terbentuk.Nilai efektivitas antibakteri daun ketapang tidak lebih baik daripada antiseptik yang diujikan. Hasil uji profil fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun ketapang mengandung tannin, saponin, terpenoid dan flavonoid. Hasil uji GC-MS teridentifikasi lima senyawa diantaranya yaitu Alpha Terpinolene, Cyclohexanol 5-methyl, Hexadecanoic acid, Octadecanoic acid, 1.2Benzenedicarboxylic acid. Kelima senyawa aktif tersebut berpotensi sebagai antibakteri.

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