The leaves of star fruit plants (Averrhoa carambola) have been traditionally used to cure many diseases, such as hypertension and fever. Besides, the leaves of this plant have also widely been used as the main raw material in lawar (a Balinese traditional food) making. In this research, the methanol extract of this plant leaves was analyzed and identified for active compound contents. The main objective of this research was to investigate types of possible active and applicable compounds contained in such leaves, previously extracted/macerated in methanol solution. Analysis was conducted by applying GC-MS instrumentation using methanol solution. The results showed that 10 possible active and applicable compounds (Butane, 1,1-diethoxy-3 methyl-(CAS)1.1-DII, Dodecanoic acid, methyk ester(CAS) methyl, Dodecanoic acid, methyl ester (CAS) Ethyl Laun, Pentadecanoic acid ethyl ester, Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (CAS) Methyl pa, OCTADECA 9.12 DIENOIC ACID METHYL, 9-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester (E)-(CAS), Octadecanoic acid methyl ester, and (E) 9-Octadecanoic acid ethyl ester) were identified in methanol extract of such leaves. Among those compounds, Butane, 1,1-diethoxy-3-methyl and Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester was two most abundance constituents with percentage of peak areas of 35.67% and 26.93%, respectively.
Lawar, a special Balinese food made of leaves of star fruit plant, is commonly served in any Balinese traditional events, such as temple festival or wedding parties. The leaves of sweet and sour star fruit plant are used to make this traditional food. In this research, phenolic and tannin content of leaves of these types of plant were analyzed with a view to investigate their potential as antioxidant source. Phenolic compound has been well known to have antioxidant activity by neutralizing free radicals and stabilizing singlet oxygen. This compound has capacity to reduce free radicals by chelating metal ions or inhibiting enzymatic system, such as cyclo-oxygenase, mono-oxygenase or xanthine oxidase that catalyze formation of free radicals. [4] reported that plants with high content of phenolic compounds tend to have high nutritious and antioxidant activities Tannin is a compound belongs to polyphenolic group. Such compound is abundantly found in any plants. This compound has capacity to bind proteins, alkaloid, and gelatin. In human body, this compound play a very complex role, such as chelating metal ions, precipitating proteins, and functioning as biological antioxidant. The results of this study showed that the phenol content of sour and sweet star fruit plants were 2830.99/100 mg GAE and 1959.77/100 mg GAE, respectively, while the tannin content of these two plants were 18810.43 mg/100 gr TAE and 11035.75 mg/100 gr TAE, respectively, indicating that the leaves of sour star frit plant had better antioxidant activity than the sweet one.
Research has been done to investigate the levels of flavanoid, tannin, and vitamin C of methanol extract of Stone banana (Musa brachycarpa), Ketip banana (Musa paradisiaca forma typiaca ), and Kepok banana (Musa acuminata). Jukut Ares is a Balinese traditional cuisine frequently served in any events of celebrations. The use of young stems of such banana varieties as the main raw materials in the process of making jukut ares has not been scientifically elucidated. Antioxidants are compounds with ability to inhibit oxidation-related reactions due to free radicals that cause disturbance of saturated fatty acids of cell membrane, blood vessels, DNA, as well as adipose tissues which lead to occurrence of various diseases. Plants components will have antioxidant activities if they contain compounds (phenol and flavanoid) with ability to scavenge free radicals. Tannin is a water based phenolic compound and vitamin C is also a water based vitamin that play important roles in preventing us from various diseases. Extraction was conducted by applying maceration method and to investigate the levels of flavanoid, spectrophotometric UV vis with aluminum chloride (AlCl3) was applied. The level of vitamin C of the materials was conducted by Iodine titration method, while the level of tannin was determind by applying spectrophotometri. The results showed that methanol extract of Ketip banana stem contained the highest level of flavanoid with a quantity of 53.13 mg/100gr QE, and this was followed by stone banana (36.28) and kepok banana (32.07) The highest vitamin C level was indicated in the extract of ketip banana (418.32 mg/100gr), which is followed by kapok banana and stone banana. In the calculation of tannin content, pisang ketip showed the highest level, while pisang batu contained the lowest level of tannin.
Teak (Tectona grandis L.) is a plant with strong wood and is resistant to pests and diseases. In addition, its leaf extract is widely used by public as an additive in foods both as a preservative and as an alternative food coloring. The objective of this research was to determine phenolic compounds of teak leaves extracted with three different decomposition times (one, two and three weeks of decomposition). Extraction was conducted by using maceration method in which water was used as solvent. Identification of Phenolics was done by using Gas Chromatography. The results showed that the compounds of vanilic acid, salicylic acid, ferulic acid, cumaric acid, gallic acid, benzoic acid and cafeic acid were identified in the analysis. The concentration and composition of phenolic compounds in the extract was determined by decomposition.
Many antioxidant compounds, flavonoids, and saponins are contained in starfruit leaves (Averrhoa carambola). The purpose of this study was to determine the antidiabetic activity of star fruit extract in mice. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments, namely P1 (aquadest without alloxan) as a negative control, P2 (aquadest with alloxan) as a positive control, P3 (metformin 500 mg / kgBB), P4 (alloxan + ethanol extract of star fruit leaves. 100 mg / kgBB), P5 (alloxan + ethanol extract of star fruit leaves 150 mg / kgBB), P6 (alloxan + ethanol extract of star fruit leaves 200 mg / kgBB). The starfruit leaf extract was made using the maceration method. In order for experimental animals to become diabetic, alloxan is used at a dose of 120 mg / kgBW which is injected intramuscularly into the thigh muscles. After the experimental animals were diabetic, We were given ethanol extract of starfruit leaves according to the experimental design, starting from day 7th to day 21st. Blood glucose levels are measured with a glucometer every week. The results showed that the best decrease in blood glucose levels occurred in the first week and the second week. In the first week, the metformin treatment was able to reduce blood glucose by 88.4%, while the ethanol extract treatment of star fruit leaves at a dose of 200 mg / kg BW was able to reduce blood glucose levels by 60%. The ethanol extract of star fruit leaves has antidiabetic activity. Keywords: mice, diabetes mellitus, blood glucose, starfruit leaves.
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