Research has been done to investigate the levels of flavanoid, tannin, and vitamin C of  methanol extract of Stone banana (Musa brachycarpa),  Ketip banana (Musa paradisiaca forma typiaca ), and   Kepok banana (Musa acuminata). Jukut Ares is a Balinese traditional cuisine frequently served in any events of celebrations.  The use of young stems of such banana varieties as the main raw materials in the process of making jukut ares has not been scientifically elucidated. Antioxidants are compounds with ability to inhibit oxidation-related reactions due to free radicals that cause disturbance of saturated fatty acids of cell membrane, blood vessels, DNA, as well as adipose tissues which lead to occurrence of various diseases.  Plants components will have antioxidant activities if they contain compounds (phenol and flavanoid) with ability to scavenge free radicals.  Tannin is a water based phenolic compound and vitamin C is also a water based vitamin that play important roles in preventing us from various diseases. Extraction was conducted by applying maceration method and to investigate the levels of flavanoid, spectrophotometric UV vis with aluminum chloride (AlCl3) was applied.  The level of vitamin C of the materials was conducted by Iodine titration method, while the level of tannin was determind by applying spectrophotometri. The results showed that methanol extract of Ketip banana stem contained the highest level of flavanoid with a quantity of 53.13 mg/100gr QE, and this was followed by  stone banana  (36.28) and kepok banana (32.07) The highest vitamin C level was indicated in the extract of ketip banana (418.32 mg/100gr), which is followed by kapok banana and stone banana. In the calculation of tannin content, pisang ketip showed the highest level, while pisang batu contained the lowest level of tannin.

Tannin compounds in the form of tanic acid are known to inhibit the acrosine activity of spermatozoa and plasminogen activator, which is an antifertility mechanism. Red Calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus Meissn.) leaves have the potential to be developed as herbal medicines, but these leaves contain high condensed tannins, so research needs to be done to determine the effect of red kaliandra leaf extract on the reproduction of male mice.This research used a completely randomized design (CRD) in a factorial patern with four doses and three replications, i.e. control (NaCl 0,9%), doses of red caliandra leaf extract of 2, 4 and 6 mg/kg body weight and time interval of 7, 14 and 21 days. The testes organ were taken and processed histologically by Paraffin Methods and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. Parameters observed were the amount of spermatogonia, spermatocyte and spermatid cells of male mice. A directly calculation method was done by observed the cells of tubulus seminiferous histology for each treatment used a microscope camera and Image Raster software (Optilab). The data were analyzed with One Way Anova and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Calliandra calothyrsus leaf extract with different doses and time intervals decreased the amount of spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids cells in the testes tubulus seminiferous of male mice, the arrangement of spermatogenic cells are increasingly irregular and the lumen were not full filled with spermatozoa cells.

Hepatogenous photosensitization is one of the ruminant diseases with symptoms of dermatitis or eczema of the skin accompanied by liver damage.  The disease is caused by the compounds of toxic lantadene A and lantadene B which are secondary metabolites of Lantana camara plant.  This research was carried out on January 2017. The material used in this study was preserved organs of the labia and lingua of dead three year old cow (Bos sondaicus).  Samples were taken from Pakutatan Village, Jembrana, Bali.  Identification of organ samples, histological preparation and histopathological examination were conducted at the Disease Investigation Center (DIC) 6, Denpasar, Bali.  The preparation of labia and lingua samples used the paraffin method with Hematoxylin and Eosin staining.  The tissue structural damages found were necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, congestion and tissue bleeding.  The data obtained were analyzed statistically by One Way Anova test with a confidence level of 95%.  Based on the results,  dead Bali cow which consumed a large numbers of Lantana camara plants showed that the highest number of cell damage was at the picnotic stage of cell necrosis (cell death) in the labia organ significantly (P<0.005), while the highest bacterial invasion was found in the labia organ with an average percentage of 12.40%.

Benefits of white vitamin C to increace the immune system is already exis. However, the use of high doses of vitamin C and in the long term can cause side effects.. The objective of this study was to determine the side effects of high-dose injections of vitamin C in the long term on sperm quality of rats. The design used in this study is completely randomized design (CRD) with long treatment injections of high doses of vitamin C are different. ie: P0 (control), P1 (injected 30 days), P2 (injected 50 days ), P3 (injected 70 days) and P4 (injected 90 days). Parameters measured were sperm quality (motility, viability, morphology, number) ,. The results showed that the sperm quality of rats (Rattus novergivus). Sperm quality of male rats (Rattus norvegivus L.) were injected vitamin C in high doses for long periods of time between the control and treatment groups showed significant differences (P = 0.000). The quality of sperm of mice injected high doses of white vitamin C tend to decrease sperm  quality indicated by percentage of motility, viability, and morphology of spermatozoa although the concentration of spermatozoa  tends to increase. Keywords: white vitamin C, rat, sperm quality

This study aimed to determine the effect of juwet fruit extract on histological structure of rat(Rattus sp)  trachea which exposed to cigarette smoke. This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with four treatments: the control group (K0) treated with 0.5 % CMC–Na, (K1) group is exposed to cigarette smoke, (K2) group were given juwetfruit extract, and (K3) group is exposed to cigarette smoke and juwet fruit extracts. Each treatment consisted of 6 rats as replication. The exposure to cigarette smoke is given from  an aerator pump lit cigarettes. Juwet fruit extract and 0.5 % CMC - Na was orally administered (gavage method) for 48 days. The existence of comperative descriptive observed cilia. And goblet number, high epithelium and lumen diameter Data were analyzed with ANOVA and If they were 5 % significantly different would be followed by Duncan test. Results showed that the extract of the fruit juwet significant effect on the histological structure of the trachea mice that had been exposed to smoke.

Nyamuk Aedes aegypti L. merupakan vektor penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD). Salah satu upaya pengendalian vektor adalah dengan mengoleskan lotion antinyamuk pada kulit. Minyak atsiri daun kemangi diformulasikan menjadi lotion antinyamuk yang praktis dan mudah dibawa kemana mana. Pemakaian lotion antinyamuk dengan bahan aktif alami miyak atsiri daun kemangi merupakan salah satu solusi yang aman untuk mengusir nyamuk. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghitung rendemen, mengidentifikasi komponen senyawa aktif minyak atsiri daun kemangi, menguji daya proteksi lotion antinyamuk, menguji sifat fisik lotion dan menganalisis persepsi probandus terhadap lotion. Minyak atsiri dieksrak dengan destilasi uap. Senyawa aktif diidentifikasi dengan GC-MS. Uji daya proteksi lotion antinyamuk terhadap Ae. aegypti L. dilakukan di laboratorium dengan menggunakan tangan yang dimasukkan dalam kandang. Uji sifat fisik lotion meliputi uji organoleptik, pH, viskositas, homogenitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen minyak atsiri daun kemangi sebanyak 0,26% ± 0,05 b/b. Hasil uji GCMS menunjukkan terdapat 25 komponen senyawa aktif minyak atsiri daun kemangi. Hasil uji daya proteksi terhadap nyamuk Aedes aegypti L. yang paling optimal yaitu lotion konsentrasi minyak atsiri kemangi 5%. Hasil uji organoleptik menunjukkan tekstur kental, warna putih kekuningan, aroma minyak olive dan kemangi dan kesan lembut pada kulit. Hasil uji pH, viskositas dan homogenitas menunjukkan bahwa lotion antinyamuk yang mengandung minyak atsiri kemangi telah memenuhi ketentuan dalam Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Uji hedonik menunjukkan probandus menyukai lotion konsentrasi minyak atsiri kemangi 5%. Pengaruh lotion memberikan kelembutan, kenyamanan dan tidak adanya gejala sensitivitas setelah dioleskan pada kulit.   Kata Kunci: Aedes aegypti L., antinyamuk, DBD, minyak atsiri, daun kemangi, lotion

Azadirachta indica A. Juss or neem is herbal that contains antioxidants and bioactive compounds of alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins that can play a role in various biological activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of water extract of neem leaves mixed in drinking water on the liver health performance of KUB chickens. The observed variables were serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) levels and liver histopathology. The experimental animals used were KUB chickens (Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan), using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and five replications. The treatment group consisted of P0 (control or 0%), neem leaf water extract 1% (P1), 3% (P2) and 5% (P3) administered during the starter phase (42 days). The experimental animals used were 200 tails. Preparation of liver histology preparations by paraffin method. SGPT levels were tested by the IFCC2 Enzymatic Kinetic method (International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine). The results showed that KUB chicken SGPT levels were not significantly different between control and treatment. Liver histology data showed inflammatory cell infiltration damage, degeneration, necrosis, and vessel congestion but there was no significant difference between control and treatment chicken livers. Water extract supplementation of neem leaf has no negative effect on liver performance and SGPT levels

Salmonella sp is a cause of Salmonellosis in ducks. One way to kill these bacteria is to use ultraviolet (UV) light. In this study irradiation for 15, 25 and 35 minutes. Salmonella sp bacteria can attack several physiological systems of the body, one of which is the digestive system. This is because bacteria infect ducks through food and drink that has been contaminated with bacteria. To see the effect of Salmonellosis, a blood sample and organ of the ducks were removed every 2 weeks from the treatment. The physiological condition of ducks infected with Salmonella sp can be seen in hematological conditions and histopathological picture of the liver and intestines in ducks that have been infected with Salmonella sp bacteria that have been exposed to ultraviolet. Based on the results of research that has been done, it was found that the illumination of Salmonella sp using UV light for 35 minutes was most effective to weaken the bacteria because the results showed the smallest value compared to other controls and irradiation. Some histological abnormalities were found in the liver and intestines but still in a condition of minor damage because the damage was only found a little. Abnormalities that occur in the liver include bleeding, nucleus picnosis, necrosis and inflammation, while in the intestine found abnormalities include desquamation of epithelial cells, bleeding and proliferation of goblet cells.