Background: The aim of the study was to determine risk factors for cervical cancer for women in Izmir. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive field covered a population of 4319 women of reproductive age (15-49) (household registration in the Mukhtar's office-2007). A total of 1,637 women were included in the sample given a four-part questionnaire through face-to-face interview by visiting the women in their homes in order to determine socio-demographic factors, obstetric history, genital hygiene and the use of family planning methods. In addition, during the data collection process, the women were given group training in order to raise awareness of cervical cancer. The number and percentage distributions of the data were calculated. Results: While the average age of the women was 31.9±9.77 (Min: 15.00-Max: 49.00), education level of 43.4% of them was elementary school only. It was determined that 70.3% of the women experienced at least one pregnancy, 71.0% had vaginal delivery and 75.9% used a contraceptive method. In the study it was determined that among the cervical cancer related risks vaginal delivery, vaginal lavage and having three or more pregnancies had the highest rates, while having sexual intercourse before 16 years of age and having more than one sexual partner constituted lower rates. The rate of the women who stated not having a smear in the last three years was 82.4%. Conclusions: Considering the case in terms of having Pap smear test, women's awareness on the risk factors and early diagnosis of cervical cancer was found to be low. Due to this reason, awareness of women has to be raised through education.

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, with more than 1 million cases occurring worldwide annually. Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality in Turkey; deaths due to breast cancer constitute 24.1% of all carcinoma cases reported among women. We conducted a case-control study of Turkish women with and without breast cancer to investigate the relationships of selected lifestyle and nutritional risk factors with breast cancer risk. Factors were chosen based upon published associations with breast cancer. Subjects were women in Izmir, Turkey. Cases were 123 women with breast cancer registered with the Department of Oncology, Ege University Hospital, in February through July 2004. The control group included 120 randomly selected women without a breast cancer diagnosis, registered with the Evka-4 Health Care Center and having similar sociodemographic characteristics. Inclusion criteria for participation consisted of 40 yr of age and over and willingness to participate. Chi2 tests and t-tests were used to determine statistical differences between cases and controls based on selected variables. Logistic regression was used to find the association between selected risk factors and breast cancer occurrence. Cases had smoked for more years, their age of first pregnancy was higher, and breast cancer occurrence was more common in first-degree relatives such as mothers and sisters of cases compared with controls. Cases were found to have consumed higher amounts of vegetable oil in contrast to controls. These findings are consistent with similar studies conducted in both developed and developing countries.

When evaluated with a consideration of the pelvic floor, this study is important in demonstrating that vaginal delivery and cesarean section do not differ except for a short period of time in terms of sexual functioning.

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Postcoital contraception may be a solution for undesired pregnancies.

Objectives: The objective of this research was to analyse the effect of hypnobirthing education given to pregnant women during antenatal period on fear of childbirth. Methods: This is an educational interventional case-control study. A total of 51 pregnant women were studied together during the 12 th week of pregnancy. Ethical Committee and related consents were taken. Data was evaluated by using descriptive statistics. Results:The age average of the pregnant in the control group was 28.70 ± 5.42 years while it was 25.74 ± 5.16 years for the case group. Women's gestational week averages were 20.87 weeks for study and 24.10 weeks for control group. In the study, the pre-training scale scores of the cases and control groups were compared with the average level of birth fear of the groups (t = 1.848, p = 0.073). There was a significant difference between pre-and post-hypnotic scale scores in the birth preparation class (t = -5.329, p < 0.001). Before the training; 48% of the case group. Fifty-two percent of the control group is adequately informed about the hypnobirthing problem. Conclusions: It was found that among the pregnant women who had attended birth preparation classes, positive labour perception of the intervention group pregnant women was higher than that of the control group pregnant women who hadn't had hypnobirthing education and there was a significant difference between them.

Bu araştırma, hastanede yatarak bakım gereksinimleri karşılanan riskli gebelere yönelik hazırlanacak bakım protokollerine alt yapı oluşturmak üzere ağırlıklı olarak hangi riskli gebeliklerin hospitalize edildiğini belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiş tanımlayıcı tipte bir araştırmadır. Yöntem: Araştırmaya İzmir ilinde yer alan iki doğumevinde riskli gebelik nedeniyle yatan 261 gebe dahil edilmiştir. Gebelerin sosyodemografik özellikleri ile risk profilleri sayı ve yüzde dağılımları ile verilmiştir.

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