The results describe the research activities and perceptions of the barriers to the use of research among nurses in Turkey. Creating an organizational climate that values research use and supports nurses in participating in research activities is crucial.
Background: The aim of the study was to determine risk factors for cervical cancer for women in Izmir. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive field covered a population of 4319 women of reproductive age (15-49) (household registration in the Mukhtar's office-2007). A total of 1,637 women were included in the sample given a four-part questionnaire through face-to-face interview by visiting the women in their homes in order to determine socio-demographic factors, obstetric history, genital hygiene and the use of family planning methods. In addition, during the data collection process, the women were given group training in order to raise awareness of cervical cancer. The number and percentage distributions of the data were calculated. Results: While the average age of the women was 31.9±9.77 (Min: 15.00-Max: 49.00), education level of 43.4% of them was elementary school only. It was determined that 70.3% of the women experienced at least one pregnancy, 71.0% had vaginal delivery and 75.9% used a contraceptive method. In the study it was determined that among the cervical cancer related risks vaginal delivery, vaginal lavage and having three or more pregnancies had the highest rates, while having sexual intercourse before 16 years of age and having more than one sexual partner constituted lower rates. The rate of the women who stated not having a smear in the last three years was 82.4%. Conclusions: Considering the case in terms of having Pap smear test, women's awareness on the risk factors and early diagnosis of cervical cancer was found to be low. Due to this reason, awareness of women has to be raised through education.
Ebelik öğrencilerinin gebelikte şiddet konusundaki bilgi, görüş ve gebelikte şiddette karşı mesleki tutumlarını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmış tanımlayıcı bir araştırmadır. YÖNTEMLER: Araştırma İzmir'deki bir Sağlık Yüksekokulu'nun Ebelik Bölümü'nde eğitim gören hazırlık sınıfı hariç tüm öğrencilere (n: 312) uygulanmıştır. Araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden ve formları eksiksiz dolduran toplam 271 öğrenciye ulaşılmıştır. Veri toplama araçları olarak; araştırmacılar tarafından literatür bilgileri doğrultusunda hazırlanmış öğrencilerin demografik özellikleri ile gebelikte şiddet konusunda bilgi ve görüşlerini belirlemeye yönelik anket formu ve Gömbül tarafından 1998 yılında geliştirilen "Hemşirelerin/Ebelerin Şiddette Mesleki Rollerine İlişkin Tutumları"nı belirlemeye yönelik soru formu kullanılmıştır. BULGULAR: Ebelik öğrencilerinin yaş ortalaması 21.75 ± 1.83 olup, %39.1'inin gebelikte şiddet konusunda eğitim aldığı, %40.6'sının aile içinde şiddete maruz kaldığı, %36.2'sinin aile içinde şiddete tanık olduğu belirlenmiştir. Öğrenciler gebelikte uygulanan şiddet türlerinden en fazla fiziksel şiddeti bilmektedirler. Öğrencilerin şiddette mesleki rollerine ilişkin tutumlarının olumlu yönde olduğu, geleneksellikten uzak modern görüşü yansıttığı bulunmuştur (29.77±7.98). Öğrencilerin yaş grubu ve aile içi şiddete tanık olma durumu ile şiddette mesleki rollerine ilişkin tutum puan ortalamaları arasında anlamlı fark elde edilmiştir (p<0.05). SONUÇ: Ebelik öğrencilerinin gebelikte uygulanan şiddet konusunda bilgilerinin olduğu, şiddete uğrayan gebeyi destekleyici görüşlere ve gebelikte şiddette mesleki rollerine ilişkin modern tutuma sahip oldukları bulunmuştur. Öğrencilerin çoğunun şiddet konusundaki eğitim düzeyi göz önünde bulundurularak, müfredata gebelikte şiddet konusunun entegre edilmesi ve ayrı bir teorik ders olarak konulması önerilebilir.
Obstetric violence is a type of violation of women's human rights. It is an important problem encountered during pregnancy, delivery and the postpartum period. It negatively affects both the health of mothers and babies. Obstetric violence includes actions, neglect and disrespectful treatment in the healthcare services that physically and/or psychologically harm women during pregnancy, delivery and the postpartum period. Obstetric violence negatively affects the physical and psychological health of women in many countries around the world and detracts from quality healthcare. The elements of obstetric violence encountered during service delivery are harmful acts that include violation of reproductive rights, scolding, mocking, sarcasm, insults, threats, humiliation, manipulation of knowledge, not providing effective medical care in time or delaying care, neglecting requests or complaints, not informing women about decisions made during delivery, not respecting the dignity of women, pain management used as punishment or violence to get women's approval, delaying mothers' time with babies and hindering breastfeeding. Healthcare professionals should provide high quality and respectful services to prevent and eliminate obstetric violence. Legal amendments that presents promising approaches towards mother care culture should be performed in healthcare systems for women not to be harmed due to mistreatment during delivery. This compilation study aimed to draw attention to the term, obstetric violence, which is not included in Turkey's related laws, and to raise healthcare personnel's awareness about it.
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