Patients were dissatisfied with frequency and communication, and they had high levels of avoidance before operation. In the postoperative period, sexual dissatisfaction increased. Although depression and anxiety decreased after the operation, we found that hysterectomy and/or oophorectomy had negative effects on sexual satisfaction.

Our results suggest that depressive and anxiety levels are high in induvidual with obesity. They have problems in eating attitudes and their quality of life especially physical field is poor. The psychological symptoms have negative effects on the quality of life, self-esteem, and eating attitudes. Our results suggest that psychiatric support to improving positive effects quality of life and self-esteem in individual with obesity.

BackgroundPrevious studies have determined the neurochemical metabolite abnormalities in major depressive disorder (MDD). The results of studies are inconsistent. Severity of depression may relate to neurochemical metabolic changes. The aim of this study is to investigate neurochemical metabolite levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of patients with mild/moderate MDD.MethodsTwenty-one patients with mild MDD, 18 patients with moderate MDD, and 16 matched control subjects participated in the study. Patients had had their first episode. They had not taken treatment. The severity of depression was assessed by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). Levels of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline-containing compounds (Cho), and creatine-containing compounds (Cr) were measured using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) at 1.5 T, with an 8-cm3 single voxel placed in the right PFC.ResultsThe moderate MDD patients had lower NAA/Cr levels than the control group. No differences were found in neurochemical metabolite levels between the mild MDD and control groups. No correlation was found between the patients’ neurochemical metabolite levels and HAM-D scores.ConclusionOur findings suggest that NAA/Cr levels are low in moderate-level MDD in the PFC. Neurochemical metabolite levels did not change in mild depressive disorder. Our results suggest that the severity of depression may affect neuronal function and viability. Studies are needed to confirm this finding, including studies on severely depressive patients.

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SUMMARYObject: Psychodrama enables a formulation related with the factors causing depression while contributing to the patients to acquire insight and get well. With psychodrama group psychotherapy applications, the patients can benefit from the treating factors of group study as well as the specific technique and interventions of psychodrama. The objective in this study was to summarize the psychodrama psychotherapy application process on depression patients with antidepressant use and to discuss the points which are thought to contribute to recuperation. Methods: A total of 15 patients with mild-moderate level of depression participated in the study and 9 patients completed the group process. In addition to medications, a total of 16 sessions of group psychotherapy and psychodrama studies were applied on the patients with 3 hours of each per week. The severity of depression was assessed via Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D17). Expectations of the patients from group therapy were asked during the first session and a common list was prepared using the recorded responses. It was evaluated in the final session whether these expectations have been met or not. Results: The initial HAM-D17 score average of the patients was determined as 13.33 (±2.39), whereas it was determined as 5.88 (±4.01) at the end of the treatment. A statistically significant decrease was determined in the severity of depressive symptoms after treatment (z=2.677, p=0.007, Wilcoxon test). The expectations of the patients from group psychotherapy and psychodrama were revised. It was determined at the end of the treatment that anger control of the patients increased, fears and irritability decreased, that they received support from the group and that they understood themselves better. Discussion: Our results lead us to think that psychodrama group psychotherapy contributes to recovery in depression treatment. Psychodrama has contributed to understanding which factors have played a role in the formation of depression and the changing of these factors realized by the patient as well.

Depresif bozuklukta serum BDNF düzeyleri ile bilişsel işlevler ve kortizol düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki Amaç: Bu çalışmada, depresif bozuklukta serum BDNF düzeyleri ile bilişsel işlevler ve kortizol düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Yöntem: Çalışmaya DSM-IV tanı ölçütlerine göre major depresif bozukluk tanısı konulan ve antidepresan ilaç kullanımı olmayan 30 hasta katıldı. Depresyon şiddetinin belirlenmesinde Hamilton Depresyon Değerlendirme Ölçeği (HAM-D17) kullanıldı. Serum BDNF düzeyleri ELİSA yöntemi ile belirlendi. Bilişsel işlevlerin değerlendirilmesinde; Sayı dizileri testi, Stroop testi, Sözel bellek süreçleri testi ve Wechsler-görsel bellek alt testleri uygulandı. Bulgular: Hastaların HAM-D17 puan ortalaması 17.09±4.96 olarak tespit edildi. Serum BDNF düzeyleri ortalama 1453.42±144.51 pg/ml, serum sabah kortizol düzeyleri 11.54±4.57µg/dL olarak belirlendi. HAM-D17 puanları ile BDNF düzeyleri arasında ilişki saptanmadı. Serum BDNF düzeyleri ile kortizol düzeyleri ve nöropsikolojik test puanları arasında ilişki saptanmadı. Serum kortizol düzeyleri ile Stroop testi süre farkı arasında pozitif ilişki tespit edildi (rs=0.396 p=0.017). Serum kortizol düzeyleri ile diğer nöropsikolojik test puanları arasında ilişki saptanmadı. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda depresyonu olan hastalarda BDNF düzeyleri ile dikkat ve bellek performansları arasında ilişki bulunmamıştır. Sabah bazal kortizol düzeylerinin yüksek olması dikkati olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Serum BDNF düzeyleri ile sabah ölçülen kortizol düzeyleri arasında ilişki saptanmamıştır.

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