Acrylamide is a known neurotoxic compound for humans. Foods that have high concentrations of acrylamide need to be identified. One of the food products containing acrylamide is popcorn. Popcorn is an important source of snacks for children, especially students. The presented study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of the level of acrylamide in popcorn. The search was done in different databases with the keywords; acrylamide, popcorn, popped corn. 27 articles were found by searching various databases. After initial screening and full text evaluation, 8 articles were selected for systematic review and 6 articles for meta-analysis. The amount of acrylamide in this product was in the range of 1,017.7–106 μg/kg. Microwaved corn contains lower amounts of acrylamide than other methods of preparation. The type of popcorn also had an effect on the amount of acrylamide with Meta-regression. It was found that sweet popcorn contains higher amounts of acrylamide. The overall value of acrylamide concentration in popcorns was calculated to be 459.6 ± 220.3 μg/kg. This amount is high and requires measures to reduce the amount of acrylamide.
Due to the widespread use and environmental pollution of estrogenic chemicals, the need for screening tests to detect these compounds is felt more than ever. These compounds lead to cell proliferation. Therefore, studies used cell proliferation to evaluate estrogenic compounds was studied in this systematic review. This systematic review was performed with the keywords; DNA proliferation, cell proliferation, estrogenic component, estrogen, food, bioassay, screening, and detection. After initial screening and full text quality assessment, 16 manuscripts were selected and data were extracted. Four cell lines, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, Ishikawa, and T47D cells were used in the studies. MCF-7 was more sensitive to estrogenic compounds than other lines. Most of the samples studied were plant compounds and mycotoxins and substances that migrate from packaging to food. This screening test is valid and has similar results as others.
Styrene is widely used in industrial applications. Inhalation exposure occurs in the industry. Some studies indicated that serum prolactin concentrations increased after exposure to styrene, while other studies found no change. In this systematic review, the search was done with the keywords styrene and prolactin in the PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science and Scopus databases, regardless of the publication period. 118 studies were obtained and only seven articles were finally selected according to exclusion and inclusion criteria. The effect of styrene on prolactin secretion was selected in both human and animal studies. The increased response was seen in inhalation exposures. Subcutaneous exposure has no significant effect on prolactin levels. The observed responses were both dose-dependent and gender-dependent. Changes in serum prolactin were more frequent in women compared to exposed men. Dopamine depletion was not observed in all studies, so more tests on laboratory animals are necessary to clarify the possible mechanism.
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