The results of long-term stationary studies on the influence of farming system elements on the yield of spring barley in the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals are presented. In the experiment, the role of the precursor; the main tillage (plowing and surface scarification); three levels of mineral nutrition were studied. The variation of the barley harvest for 2004-2014 under the influence of weather conditions that have direct and indirect impact on the formation of the yield of cereals is shown. The yield of barley primarily depends on the level of mineral nutrition. The average yield of barley sown after peas was 3.52 t/ha, with a variation in the range of 2.40-4.24 t/ha. In the variant where the precursor was oat, the yield of barley was 3.39 t/ha with a variation from 2.11 to 4.72 t/ha. The share of the contribution of the growing season weather conditions is 49% (the precursor is peas) and 72% (the precursor is oat). The minimum yield over the years of research was 1.44 t/ha on the variant where the precursor was oat, fertilizers were not applied, and the main tillage was surface scarification. The maximum yield was 5.57 t/ha on the variant with a dose of fertilizers N54P52K52 kg/ha, which were introduced by plowing.
Traditional methods of combating bacterial diseases of plants, including vascular bacteriosis of Cruciferous plants, do not currently allow to achieve effective result, which, among other things, is associated with the ability of phytopathogens to adapt to changing environmental conditions. Application of bacteriophages as antibacterial agents is a farsighted and effective direction in the field of plant protection. The aim of the study was to develop a technology for production and control of Xanthomonas campestris phage biological product, taking into account previously defined technological parameters. The objects of the study were X. campestris pv. campestris Cl34-UlSAU bacteriophage isolated from cabbage samples with signs of vascular bacteriosis from the fields of Ulyanovsk region, Staromainsky district. As a production strain, we used X. campestris pv. campestris Xc2 bacterial strain. The authors carried out studies on selection of suitable conditions, taking into account previously defined parameters: a method for bacteriophage removal from a production culture of bacteria, suitable passage time for production of a phage preparation, appropriate balance of phage and bacterial culture for cultivation, suitable temperature for bacteriophage cultivation. The paper introduces a scheme for production and control of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris phage biological product, which consists of 4 stages: sample preparation of a production culture of bacteria for compliance with the properties of the declared strain, sample preparation of a production strain of Kl34-UlSAU bacteriophage for compliance with its activity after storage, production of a phage product with reference to production scaling, pouring, purity control, bacteriophage titer, its specificity and spectrum of lytic action, storage of a biological product.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.