Abstract.One of the promising areas associated with a large amount of information on the properties, characteristics and classification of soils is soil Informatics. Its appearance has allowed soil scientists, farmers and environmentalists to process data; to model soil processes, to make operational decisions on land use; implement systems to assess fertility, control of technological processes in agriculture. Currently multinational and global information systems are used, which contain data on soil profiles of many countries: European Soil Database, Europe; SOTER, global soil information system and others. Information systems at the national level study the soil characteristics of one country: Australian Soil Resource Information System; National Soil Information System (USA) and others. In order to generalize process and preserve information about soils of Russia accumulated by long-term research, a nationwide Soilgeographical database is being developed in our country. To optimize the agricultural activity of certain regions of the country, regional information systems are developed -Accounting and monitoring of agricultural lands of the Novosibirsk region, geoinformation system of the Tyumen region and others. Modern soil information systems, for the most part, are implemented through the use of the GeoRSS standard, which is based on a hypertext providing information on the Internet.
The use of deicing compounds and car exhaust have a negative impact on the main indicators of arable fertility.The purpose of the research was to study the physical properties of arable land and crop yields at different distances from the roads. Four soils were studied: sod-podzolic, gray forest, leached сhernozem and meadow saline. Soil sampling was carried out along the Tyumen -Omsk and Tyumen -Khanty-Mansiysk highways. It was found that at a distance of 10 meters from the highway structural and aggregate composition of high-humus soils differs from the control, located 200 meters. At a distance of 50 meters or more from the road, physical indicators of arable land come back to normal. The sections adjacent to the roads up to 10 meters wide are overfilled to 1.57 g/cm3, which in the conditions of Western Siberia can cause surface waterlogging. The annual loss of grain from the negative impact of transport infrastructure on the site length of 1 kilometer and a width of 20 meters on leached сhernozem is 5.0 tons. At market grain prices in the amount of $140, the annual loss of farmers corresponds to $1400 for each kilometer of the road passing through the сhernozem fields.
Abstract. Now for creation of a fertile layer usually use peat-sandy mixes in various parities, which initially do not approach for long-term development of grasses. It leads to that the grassy cover on slopes of roads, city lawns within 2-3 years perishes and is replaced natural by weeds with the vegetation which is not forming strong of sod. The carried out analysis of granulometric structure of soils on which perennial grasses grow, has shown, that as a part of artificial soil the clay containing oozy particles (<0.001 mm) should be an obligatory component. The developed optimising model has shown, that at observance of necessary conditions probably reception artificial soil of middle-loamy granulometric composition possessing optimum physical and agrochemical properties, necessary for long growth of perennial grassy vegetation. As local components it is necessary to use clay, small sand, peat in the parities received at calculation of optimising model. The parity between sand, peat and clay should make 1:2:7. For effect prevention acidification from peat and improvement of agrochemical properties it is necessary to add on 100 kg of a mix of 0.5 kg complex fertilize and 0.2 kg of a dolomitic flour that will provide nutrients to plants while in artificial soil it's own microflora will not start to work.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.