A 2 x 2 factorial design was used to explore the process and outcome of small group problem-solving discussionsfor two modes of communication (foce-to-face and computerized conferencing) and two types of tasks (a qualitative human relations task and a scientific ranking test with a criterion solution). Interaction process was coded using Bales Interaction Process Analysis. There were two to three times as many communication units in theface~to-facegroups consistingof five members each as in the computerized conferencing mode of communication during the same elapsed time. Group decisions were equally good in the two modes, but the groups were less likely to reach agreement in the computerized conferencing mode. There were proportionately more of the types of taskoriented communication associated with decision quality in the Computerized conferences.HE face-to-face meeting has long been considered both the normal and the most effective mode of communication for T small groups within organizations to discuss problems and make decisions. Social interaction supposedly produces better and more satisfying decisions than could be expected from a simple sum of

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Unless computer-mediated communication systems are structured, users will be overloaded with information. But structure should be imposed by individuals and user groups according to their needs and abilities, rather than through general software features.

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Past and future objectives remain the same in crises, providing relevant communities collaborative knowledge systems to exchange information.

Online Social Networking Sites (SNS) are becoming extremely popular and can be employed in a variety of contexts. They permit the establishment of global relationships that are domain related or can be based on some general need shared by the participants. Emergency domain related websites, each with their own stated mission, are becoming widespread. Can a social network offer a solution to bringing emergency domain-related entities together as a 'one stop shop?' We propose to investigate whether the social network paradigm can be used to enable individuals and organizations to collaborate in mutually beneficial ways, in all stages of emergency management: mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. Emergency management students were surveyed to examine the concept of social networks and their acceptance as a potential tool. The results of this exploratory research show overwhelming agreement that SNS should be considered a viable solution to the problems plaguing information dissemination and communications in the emergency domain.

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Asynchronous Learning Networks are providing a strong online option to the learning process. Effective ALNs promote student-instructor interaction, emphasize student-to-student collaboration, and generate active participation with appropriate software.