This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary zeolite (clinoptilolite) supplementation on the oxidative/antioxidative status on plasma in healthy dairy cows. Twenty dairy cows were divided into two groups of 10. Control group was fed the basal ration for 60 days. Zeolite group was fed the basal ration supplemented with 2.5% zeolite daily. To evaluate the oxidative and antioxidative status comprehensively, indicators such as total oxidant status, oxidative stress index, total antioxidant status, lipid hydroperoxide, total free sulphhydryl groups, ceruloplasmin concentrations, arylesterase, paraoxonase-1 and catalase activities were measured in plasma. Lipid hydroperoxide concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased from 6.21 ± 0.94 to 4.90 ± 1.05 mmol H 2 O 2 Eq/l by zeolite supplementation. However, no significant effect was observed on the antioxidant and other oxidant indicators. In conclusion, although zeolite decreased the lipid hydroperoxide concentration, it cannot further strengthen antioxidant defense system in healthy dairy cows. Clinoptilolite, oxidative stress, lipid hydroperoxide, total antioxidant status, dairy cattleThere are many stress factors impairing the health condition and performance of dairy cows. A common denominator of the responses to these stresses is the redox homeostasis. Redox homeostasis is maintained by the balance between production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense system. However, the level of ROS can exceed the antioxidant status of the animal leading to oxidative stress (Celli 2010). High producing dairy cows are prone to oxidative stress, and the situation can be exacerbated under certain environmental, physiological, and dietary conditions (Vazques-Anon et al. 2008).

Phenol red thread test measurement is easily used, with no pain, and a comfortable method. PRT can be used in equine ophthalmology on a routine basis to the measurement of tear production. These normal PRT values help diagnosis keratoconjunctivitis sicca in horses.

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1. The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount and quality of genomic DNA isolated from embryos and their chorioallantoic membranes (CAM) and to investigate the utility of different PCR methods for identifying the sex of Japanese quail embryos. 2. Fertilised eggs were incubated at 37°C for 120 h and DNA was isolated from samples of embryos and CAM. Target regions of the CHD-W gene or XhoI repeat sequence were amplified by PCR and examined on agarose gels or by using a capillary electrophoresis system. 3. DNA samples from embryos had significantly higher OD260 values than those from CAM, while OD260/280 values were not significantly different between embryos and CAM. 4. Gender identification was not possible by PCR amplification of the CHD gene region or XhoI repeat sequences examined on agarose gels, whereas males and females of Japanese quail were distinguishable when PCR products of the CHD gene were separated by capillary electrophoresis. 5. The results showed that high molecular weight DNA could be isolated from both embryo and CAM of Japanese quail. DNA isolated from CAM could be used for molecular genetic studies where embryos would be used for other purposes, such as in situ hybridisation. A capillary electrophoresis system could be used for identifying the gender of Japanese quail embryos.

The aim of this study was to investigate the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of some loci on chromosomes 1 (CJA1) and 3 (CJA3) in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) raised in Turkey. With this study population genetics parameters were estimated in order to select individuals for establishing a reference population, which would be used for studies on recombination frequency. Fertilized eggs obtained from flocks raised in six different provinces of Turkey were incubated for 120 h and 191 embryos were collected. From the tissue samples of the embryos, DNA was isolated by using DNA isolation kits. Particular regions of SEMA3E, IFR1, HAL, LOC396025, UGP2, LOC396192, TLX and BMP5 loci were amplified with specifically designed primers for each locus by using PCR technique. The PCR products were cut with an appropriate restriction enzyme for each locus and analysed by using agarose gel electrophoresis. Presence of different alleles, allele and genotype frequencies, heterozygosities and genetic distances were estimated. Out of the eight loci studied, polymorphism was found for the SEMA3E and TLX loci on 1. and 3. chromosomes, respectively, while five loci were found to be monomorphic and one locus (HAL) could not be amplified by PCR. The populations studied were found to be mostly in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The results indicated that the SEMA3E and TLX loci can be used for studying recombination frequencies in the populations included into the study. Keywords: Japanese quail, RFLP, Polymorphism, RecombinationTürkiye'deki Japon Bıldırcınlarında (Coturnix coturnix japonica) Bazı Lokuslardaki Polimorfizmin PCR-RFLP Yöntemi İle Araştırılması ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı Japon bıldırcınlarında (Coturnix coturnix japonica) 1. (CJA1) ve 3. (CJA3) kromozom üzerinde bulunan bazı genlerdeki kesim bölgesi polimorfizminin (RFLP) araştırılmasıdır. Bu çalışma ile rekombinasyon oranları ile ilgili araştırma amacıyla kullanılacak bir popülasyonu oluşturacak bireylerin seçimine temel teşkil edecek olan popülasyon genetiği parametrelerinin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Türkiyenin altı farklı ilindeki işletmelerden elde edilen döllü bıldırcın yumurtaları 37°C'de 120 saat süreyle inkube edildikten sonra 191 adet embriyodan doku örneği alınmıştır. Alınan doku örneklerinden özel kitler yardımıyla DNA izolasyonu yapılmıştır. SEMA3E, IFR1, HAL, LOC396025, UGP2, LOC396192, TLX ve BMP5 lokuslarının belirli bölgeleri özel olarak dizayn edilmiş olan primerler yardımıyla ve PCR işlemi ile çoğaltılmıştır. Elde edilen PCR ürünleri uygun bir restririksiyon enzimi ile kesilmiş ve agaroz jel elektroforezi yardımıyla ayrımlanmıştır. İncelenen popülasyonlarda farklı allellerin varlığı, genotip ve allel frekansları, heterozigotluk dereceleri ve genetik mesafeler hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan sekiz lokustan 1. ve 3. kromozomlar üzerinde bulunan SEMA3E ve TLX lokuslarında polimorfizm tespit edilmiş, beş lokus monomorfik olarak bulunmuş bir lokusta (HAL) ise PCR işlemi ile çoğaltma yapılamamıştır. Çalışılan popülasyonların büyük...

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The objective of this study was to investigate genetic variability of CSN1S1 gene coding for alpha-s1-casein in goat populations raised in Southeastern Region of Turkey. Blood samples were collected from goats raised in Kilis(n=60), Sanliurfa (n=56), and Siirt (n=55) provinces of Turkey. From the blood samples DNA was isolated by using phenol-chloroform extraction. Genotypes of animals were determined by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), allele specific PCR or PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. In Kilis and Sanliurfa populations CSN1S1 A*, B*, F and N alleles were observed, while in Siirt population only A* and B* alleles were found. Frequencies of A*, B*, F and N alleles were 0.375, 0.367, 0.017 and 0.242 in Kilis, 0.632, 0.208, 0.009 and 0.151in Sanliurfa and 0.782, 0.218, 0.000 and 0.000 in Siirt populations, respectively. CSN1S1 E and 01 alleles were not observed among the populations studied. Observed and expected genotype frequencies did not differ significantly (P>0.05). The results of this study suggested that there were sufficient genetic variability of CSN1S1 gene especially in Sanliurfa and Kilis populations in order to select individuals for different breeding purposes.